What is an allergy?
An allergy is a
strong reaction in the body that occurs when your child comes into
contact with certain substances, either by eating, touching, or
breathing them a shot. There are therefore three main types of
allergies: food allergy, skin allergy, respiratory allergy.
Among these manifestations, ranging from one child to another, include:
- the asthma
- the eczema
- hayfever.
Infants and younger children, it is most often
food allergies :
- dairy products,
- eggs,
- peanuts,
- walnuts and hazelnuts.
Later, the child may develop an allergy to certain pollens, grasses,
dust mites, latex or pet hair. However, the majority of children are
allergic to some products.
Allergies are they frequent?
Almost
four out of ten children have at least one allergy. The number of
allergy sufferers has increased significantly since the last forty
years. It seems, however, that if the number of asthmatic reactions
stabilized, food allergies, they are booming.
What is an allergic reaction?
If
your child has an allergy, the body reacts when it comes into contact
with a protein (called "allergens") contained in the product which he is
allergic. His immune system will then produce antibodies very specific:
the immunoglobulin E (IgE). Whenever he eat, touch or inhale a
substance containing the allergen, the IgE will stimulate certain cells
in the blood which will release large amounts of a chemical called
"histamine." It is the histamine, distributed throughout the body via
the blood vessels, which will cause the symptoms observed:
- watery eyes,
- nose and itchy eyes,
- urticaria and edema (swelling).
The more severe reactions can cause difficulty breathing with or without
wheezing, or a drop in blood pressure that herald the onset of
anaphy lactic shock A
very serious condition that endangers the life of the child. If you
think your child has a major allergic reaction, call for help
immediately by contacting the ambulance by dialing 15 or firemen by
dialing 18. In some children, allergic reaction to food can occur later.
Parts of the immune system that generate these delayed reactions are
not the same as for immediate response. Unfortunately, their mode of
operation is less well known. Symptoms of these delayed reactions
include: gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), the colic, diarrhea,
constipation, sleep disorders and eczema, especially in infants, for
whom milk seems most often to causing the allergy.
What causes allergies?
Predisposition
to allergies (atopy) is often hereditary especially if both parents are
allergic (we estimate that the child has 80% chance of developing an
allergic). However, the trigger will not necessarily be the same as for
the parents. If allergies are common in your family, your baby may
suffer from eczema or allergies to certain foods.
Remember that allergies can be distinguished into 3 groups: food, skin, respiratory.
Growing up, it is hay fever and asthma as may be problems. It seems that
pollution is the cause of the rise in allergies. Others blame the
utmost cleanliness of our homes: meeting children much less microbes,
they would not have many opportunities to develop their own defenses.
Are allergies easy to detect?
Not always. For example, if your baby's breathing is noisy, it may simply be because he has a
cold. This is usually not a sign of allergies and tend to have this wheezing disappears growing. If breathing is
wheezingIt
evokes bronchiolitis. Today, all the experts agree on one point from
three winter bronchiolitis in an infant less than 1 year, it is called
asthma in infants.
If, at the age of three, your child's breathing is still noisy after a
cold, it is better to consult your pediatrician as it could be asthma.
Some common allergies, such as
eczema or hay fever, are easier to identify.
How does one diagnosed allergies?
If
your doctor suspects an allergy in your child, it is likely to require
skin tests (prick tests) in collaboration with an allergist. In this
review, drops of liquid containing various allergens are placed on the
skin of the child's arms and a tiny prick is made in each to see how the
skin reacts. Blood tests can also inform the pediatrician on the
presence of allergies. Always consult your health care specialist if you
are concerned.
It is not very difficult to make a diagnosis of allergy. But it is more
difficult to diagnose allergies when they occur by another symptom,
constipation, sleep disorders ...
Prescription allergy screening test with prick and blood tests will
already be a first track!
Read the opinions of our experts on
Milk allergies for more information.
What is the best time to allergies?
Twenty
percent of young children suffer from eczema and 6-8% of food
allergies. During infancy, the trigger is most often milk (between 2 and
7% of babies). Growing up, children can become allergic to pollen, pet
fur, mold or dust mites. Mold allergies usually occur in autumn and can
be confused with a cold, as well as allergies to dust mites, which are
particularly prevalent in the winter. A child has a stuffy nose year
round probably suffering from allergic rhinitis, caused by mites or
pets.
My child is allergic he all his life?
Allergies
babies often disappear when they grow up. However, it also depends on
the cause of the allergy. If a reaction to milk or eggs, it is likely
that the allergy has disappeared before the third anniversary.
Subsequently, these children sometimes suffer from asthma or hay fever.
Allergies to nuts and fish tend them to persist: they do not disappear
with age from 10 to 20% of children.
How to treat allergies?
We must
first find the exact origin of your child's allergy. Your GP will help
you. Obviously, the easiest way to care for your child is to make sure
it is not in contact with the product release. However, this is not
always possible and treatment with antihistamines and / or
corticosteroids may be necessary. There are also methods of
desensitization, in which the child is exposed to increasing doses of
allergen to the investigation.
Certain precautions can help prevent allergies:
- Hay fever: watch warning bulletins pollen (pollen-newsletters allergo) by looking Pollens.fr and
keep your child at home on days when the pollen to which they are
allergic are particularly numerous, especially if it is windy. Wash the
child frequently is also useful. If the problem becomes too difficult to
manage, consult your doctor. You can find more information on hay fever
in our data "expert opinion."
- Eczema
: Ask your pediatrician to prescribe a moisturizer and / or
corticosteroid ointment to soothe skin irritation. If you own a dog or a
cat and you think their hair is the cause of the allergy, vacuum
regularly: vacuum the carpets, beds.
- Asthma If
your child is allergic to dust mites, certain places particularly
infested, such as bedrooms, for example, may cause a worsening of
asthma. Symptoms similar to hay fever or eczema may also occur. Although
it is impossible to eliminate all the dust, do the cleaning as often as
possible to limit quantity. Attention lint are real nests mites! Wash
them as often as possible. Ventilate the room regularly. Garnish cot
with mattress, pillow and covers "mite" and vacuum frequently. The ideal
is to use a vacuum equipped with a HEPA filter that removes particles
and allergens can reject fewer mites in the room.