Diaper rash In Baby

Diaper rash is a skin condition that develops in the area under a baby's diaper.

Causes

Diaper rash is common in infants between 4 and 15 months old and may be noticed more when babies start eating solid foods.
Diaper rash caused by infection with a yeast or fungus called Candida is very common in children. Candida is found everywhere in the environment and grows best in hot and humid, like under a diaper. A diaper rash is more related to fungi likely to occur in babies:

• Not kept clean and dry
• Are taking antibiotics, or whose mothers are taking antibiotics while breastfeeding
• Have more frequent stools

Other causes of diaper rash include:

• Acids in the stool (seen more often when the child has diarrhea)
• Ammonia (produced when bacteria break down the urine)
• Diapers that are too tight or rub the skin
• Reactions to soaps and other products used to clean cloth diapers
• Too much moisture

Symptoms

You may notice the following in the diaper area for your child:

• Rash or outbreak of bright red becomes larger
• Red scaly areas live in the scrotum and penis in boys
• Or red scaly areas on the lips and vagina in girls
• Pimples, blisters, ulcers, large bumps or pus-filled sores
• Smaller red patches (called satellite lesions) that grow and are mixed with other patches

Older babies can scratch when they removed the diaper
Diaper rash usually does not spread beyond the edge of it.

Exams and Tests

Diaper rash or yeast related fungi often can be diagnosed only with its appearance. The examination of potassium hydroxide (KOH) can confirm a diagnosis of Candida

Treatment

The best treatment for diaper rash is to keep the diaper area clean and dry. This will also help prevent new dermatitis.

• Always wash your hands after changing a diaper
• Ask your doctor whether a cream for diaper rash would. Products based on zinc oxide or petrolatum help keep moisture away from the baby's skin when applied to the skin clean and dry
• Avoid using wipes that contain alcohol or perfume as they can dry or irritate the skin
• Do not use corn starch in your baby's bottom as it can worsen a diaper rash yeast
• Do not use talc (talcum powder), since it can penetrate into the baby's lungs
• Frequently change your baby's diaper, and as soon as possible after it urinates or defecates
• Put your baby in a towel without a diaper when possible. The longer you can keep the diaper off, the better.
• Pat the area dry or let air dry
• Place loose diapers. Diapers that are too tight do not allow enough air and can rub and irritate the waist or thighs of the baby.
• Use water and a soft cloth or cotton ball to gently clean the diaper area with each change it. Avoid rubbing or scrubbing the area. You can use a squirt bottle of water for sensitive areas
• The use of highly absorbent diapers helps to keep skin dry and reduces the likelihood of infection

If you use cloth diapers:

• Avoid plastic or rubber pants over the diaper. They do not allow enough air to pass
• DO NOT use fabric softeners or dryer sheets as they can worsen the rash
• When washing cloth diapers, rinse 2 or 3 times to remove all soap if your child has a rash or has had prior

MEDICATIONS:
Antifungal creams and ointments for topical skin clear up infections caused by yeast. Nystatin, miconazole, clotrimazole and ketoconazole are common.
Sometimes you can use a mild topical corticosteroid cream. Talk to your doctor before trying this with your baby.

Forecast

The rash usually responds well to treatment.

Complications

The complications associated diaper rash Candida may include:

• Secondary infection

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Call your doctor if:

• The rash gets worse or does not go away in 2 to 3 days.
• The rash spreads to the abdomen, back, arms or face.
• You notice pimples, blisters, ulcers, large bumps or pus-filled sores.
• Your baby has a fever.
• Your baby is taking an antibiotic and develops a bright red rash with spots on their edges. This could be a yeast infection.
• Your baby develops a rash during the first 6 weeks of life.

Alternative Names

Diaper rash associated with Candida, Candida diaper rash, Diaper Rash

The best tips for your baby to sleep

Do you remember when you slept eight hours a night without waking for nothing? If you have small children, probably will seem a distant memory. According to a survey by the American National Sleep Foundation in 2004 to 69 percent of children under age 10 have trouble falling asleep and staying asleep. What about the other 31 percent? What is your secret? To know we consulted with leading sleep experts. This enabled us to discover some of the surprising strategies that really work:

Babies do not sleep: basic course

Although infants tend to sleep 18 hours a day, are in short periods of time throughout the day. Here are some ideas for your little one gather such "sleep raticos" especially at night.

Put him in his crib when drowsy, not fully asleep
This is not easy, especially for moms who are breastfeeding, but if you can figure out how much you'll get the rest you need. Babies who sleep alone are more likely to fall asleep faster and learn how to soothe themselves to sleep, he claims Kim West, author of Good night, sleep tight (Good Night, Sleep Tight.) West is a social worker in Annapolis, Maryland, and a professional sleep consultant who has helped over 2,000 families across the country to sleep in their little ones.

This is his advice: When your baby is 6 to 8 weeks of sleep creates a scale of 1 to 10. 1 is fully awake and 10 is fast asleep. Wait until your baby is at number 7 and put it to sleep. Move arms and legs less vigorously and not suck so hard (moving from feeding, sucking to calm down) are clear signs that it is entering the world of dreams.

Try not to look at your baby's eyes
Many babies are stimulated very easily. A loving your look can make them happen to be tired to be in good shape faster than it takes to say, "Oh no". See how your baby reacts to your look is great and disheartening at noon to midnight.

Parents who maintain eye contact with the sleepy babies are inadvertently encouraging them to come out of the area of ​​sleep, says Claire Lerner, director of a nonprofit organization called Zero to Three that promotes the health of babies and young children. "The more interaction there is between you and your baby at night, have more motivation to wake up."

What can you do? Lerner suggests lower the level of everything. If you have to enter the area where your baby is sleeping at night, do not hold your gaze, you talk or sing your favorite song of Juanes. Keep your eye on her stomach and caress your back gently and sweet and calm voice.

Take him to the dark side
"The lights activate the button biological implementation of your child," says Elizabeth Pantley, author of The baby sleep without tears (No-cry sleep solution.) Conversely, the dark causes the brain to release melatonin, a hormone key to sleep.

If your baby sleeps during the day than at night, help to recognize the difference. During the day, let in plenty of sunshine in the house. Put your baby to nap during the day in well-lit rooms (unless you have trouble sleeping naps). To induce sleep at night installing dimmers on the lights, not only in the room of your baby but in other rooms where the two spend much time. Reduces light intensity one or two hours before the time of going to sleep at night, to set the mood. Night lights are fine, but choose ones that are small, bluish-off (the yellow and bright white are more stimulating).

If your child wakes during the night does not turn on the lights or take him to a room that is well lit. The transition from darkness to light tells your brain it's time to take action. Instead, reassure to go to sleep in the room. If the morning sun makes your child get up too early or if you have problems with afternoon naps, install curtains that darken the room.

Cut your dependence on the baby monitor
According Pantley, a mom or dad to jump every time I hear a sigh passed through the baby monitor is teaching your child to wake up more often. Instead, sync your post to go to comfort your child between the time you know you're awake and when you will begin to mourn his lungs. Wait a few minutes to give him the chance to calm down and go back to sleep alone. On coming before they put you mourn a full stop before you're too angry to go back to sleep.

In any case, is either to reduce the sensitivity of recording the sounds of your baby monitor. Adjust the volume so you can go when agitated, but not to hear every breath. Eventually, you might want to turn it off completely.

Relax the rules for changing diapers
Resist the urge to change your baby every time you wake up, wake up because you'll make more. Instead, put a good Pantley advises absorbent diaper night when you go to sleep. When you wake up, smell it to see if it is dirty and change only if there is no choice. And if you have to change, there is nothing to wake a baby more than a cold wet washcloth. Try replacing it with a warm washcloth.

And you thought things could not get worse: not sleeping babies to toddlers who do not

Hard to believe, but by the time your baby is two years, has spent more time asleep than awake. On average, children need 12 to 14 hours of sleep a day, including naps (Older children, 11 to 13 hours). Do not be alarmed if your child ends up with the routine of two naps. Around 18 months is not uncommon for a child to spend two naps a day. But reducing their naps in the middle means that the dream of at night is a high priority.

Keep the routine short and simple
A variety show with various acts: a bathroom, three books, two songs and a massage can delay the time to go to sleep forever. "Before you know it, your well-intended routine for bedtime has become for your child at a time of transition for the time to play," says Mary Ann LoFrumento, pediatrician and author of Simple Parenting: Understanding Your Newborn and Infant (Parenting simple: how to understand your baby and your child.) If your child resists going to bed, stay focused on sleep and do not let your child direct the show.

LoFrumento suggests that parents of children who have difficulty maintaining sleep to maintain a routine of no more than 15 minutes (it's okay to be a little longer if your child does not have trouble falling asleep). Fifteen minutes is all you need to take to put on pajamas, read two short books and say goodnight.

Make the connection
"One of the biggest mistakes parents make is not to connect the dream of children and their behavior during the day," says Pantley, who attributes many of the behaviors that are considered part of the "terrible twos" a lack of sleep . "Irritability, complaints, fights with his brother ... all are rooted in the lack of a good night's sleep." Her advice? Make him go to bed earlier. (See our next tip, "Recall the night")

Retrieves the night
Exercises control and provides an early hour of bedtime, preferably between 7 and 8 pm, says Pantley. "Children are not watching the clock to see what time it is. Just waiting to be told they have to go to bed." So pick one and keep it.

Controls the temperature
Certainly, the 72 degrees Fahrenheit (22 Celsius), seem very comfortable for a room, and that is fine when you're awake. But the ideal sleeping temperature is between 60 and 70 degrees Fahrenheit (16 and 21 degrees Celsius). This is because sleep comes with a drop in body temperature, and this is the reason that a bath before bedtime helps your child to sleep before. The bathroom leaves you warm and comfortable, and then the cooler temperature makes your body temperature drops, which causes him to sleep.

Lower the thermostat a bit at least one hour before bedtime. If you forget, install an automatic thermostat. Set it to lower the temperature in the afternoon and the rise in the morning, and your child can fit the rhythm.

Awaken your child at the same time each day
A consistent routine is important to wake up as a regular bedtime. Children must be raised at about the same time every day (with a difference of 30 minutes). Avoid letting them sleep late during the weekends, says Pantley. "What we do with this is to ask the children living in two different time zones, time zone during the week and one on the weekend," he says. "As a result, have jetlag permanent. "

The fact that your children do not benefit from a little extra sleep on the weekends does not mean that you do not go well. If the weekend morning is the only time to recover your sleep, Take turns with your partner for your child to continue waking up at the same time.

Children going to school and age to reason

As children do not sleep and do not need naps cots or nursery rhymes, develop a great skill: the ability to reason. "Parents have less direct control to make an older child goes to sleep, so the solution is to make your child a companion and show the importance of having a good night's rest."

Children 5 to 12 need 10 to 11 hours of sleep at night. Pantley suggests appeal to your logical side. At this age, children are old enough to understand that hormones that help them grow are released during the night, and they need sleep to reach its maximum height, he says. Use the same logic you use for good grades or sports: sleep well if their brains are in a better way to remember what they learned in school that day, and their bodies perform better at football matches.

End the night owl
Staying up late is one of the most common problems of children already attending school. Parents often contribute to the problem because they want to spend more time with their children at the end of the day. But let the countdown: "If your child needs 11 hours of sleep at night and tends to rise at 7 am, then you have to be asleep at 8 pm," says West.

Merienditas for Better Sleep
Make your child more prone to sleep giving something healthy to eat to help you sleep, an hour before you go to bed. There are some foods that naturally induce a release of serotonin, a sleep of our body. Try a glass of milk, whole wheat toast with a slice of cheese, half peanut butter sandwich or oatmeal with bananas.

During the day, reducing or eliminating foods or beverages containing caffeine six hours before bedtime. According to the National Sleep Foundation, 75 percent of school-age children have drinks with caffeine such as colas. Because most of these drinks are empty calories, consider eliminating them entirely from the diet of your child.

Avoid homework before bedtime
Children who do their homework before going to bed usually stay up late and are sleepy the next day. There are scientific studies that link the irregular patterns of sleep behavior and academic problems. The school children are desperate for more sleep, says LoFrumento. "Many parents have told me that their children have improved a lot in school after improving their sleep habits."

Instead of leaving your child's homework until the last minute, plan a regular time to work before or just after dinner, suggests LoFrumento. "Let your child has enough time to play sports, jog or just relax after a long day at school, but make sure you finish your work at 7:30 or 8 pm" If your child usually has problems because it has lot of homework, talk to your teacher or teacher. "

Choose well your child's mattress
Most adults spend hours choosing the perfect mattress for your own bed, but accept any mattress for the bed of his son, says Pantley. Pantley suggests that you lie in bed 30 minutes of your son. Analyze if it's comfortable, what the pillow and blanket if it is warm and comfortable. Make it a place you wanted to sleep.

Rule out medical problems
Like adults, children can have diseases or medical problems that interfere with your sleep. Up to 12 percent of children snore and up to 10 percent have sleep apnea, a disorder in which the airways become partially blocked and reduce air intake, which makes the child wakes from a deep sleep . Although the problem goes away for many children as they grow, help ask your pediatrician if your child snores too and if you are excessively sleepy during the day.

Choosing the best formula milk for your baby

Nothing can replace everything seamlessly delivering breast milk, however, not all children have it for various reasons, the most common: the absence of milk in the mother, decreased mobility and consequently insufficient quantity and quality for the baby, the need for nutritional supplements when the child suffers from deficiencies in this area, the importance of some nutrients and immediate support of the formulas when premature babies, and the treatment of severe reflux in the child. In all these cases, the supply circuit first priority is the formula, so the choice of the best and most suitable for the child is essential.
Types of formulas
Depending on the age of baby milk formulas that are designed to meet specific needs. Thus, Home, cover the nutritional requirements of healthy infants up to 6 months and can then be used to supplement other food until old.
Then there are the Continuation Milk Formulas, which are recommended after six months of age as a complementary part of a mixed supply.
In addition to the above, there are those formulas on the market created for special dietary use in specific alterations, such as premature babies, those who were intolerant to lactose (maternal formulas) in those with atopic diseases and inborn errors of metabolism, among others. In the above cases, the ideal is to be sold by prescription because it is therapeutic formulas.
Standards for components
While these vary slightly from country to country, we will build on this opportunity in what he says the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition (SEGNP) about what the minimum and maximum levels for much of the necessary components to meet the nutritional requirements of infants.
In their publications, both companies would think it desirable to use liquid whole milk, evaporated or powdered infant feeding in less than six months old, due to its high concentration of protein, saturated fat and low in carbohydrates, specifically lactose.
However, if used in infants under six months of age requires the addition of 5 to 10 percent sucrose or dextrinomaltose.
As for proteins, Home Formulas (FLI) should provide a contribution of protein to ensure proper weight gain and linear growth similar to that of a breast fed baby. It is estimated that the protein requirement is not greater than 1.6 g/100 kcal.
Carbohydrates are another important point and are represented by lactose. Digestion and absorption of this takes place in the small intestine where it is hydrolyzed by enzyme lactase to the monosaccharides glucose and galactose. It is important, therefore, that less than six months, the lactose is the sole carbohydrate and did not include sucrose ideally beyond the year.
Fat is another important element, because they provide nearly 50 percent of calories and is a nutrient essential for proper development of the central nervous system and vehicle for the absorption of fat soluble.
Therefore, in Formulae Milk Start should not be absent and ideally its source must be of vegetable oil. To this, Milk Formulas generally add a vitamin supplement, inorganic nutrients, iron, zinc and nucleotides, among others.

Discovered high levels of arsenic in baby formula

The researchers highlighted the situation as "particularly worrying for babies" because of their vulnerability to the toxic effects of arsenic.

• 
• High contents of arsenic, carcinogenic chemical commonly found in rice, were found in several types of cereals and infant formula milk. Special Photo

Atlanta, United States. - High contents of arsenic, carcinogenic chemical commonly found in rice, were found in several types of cereals and formula milk for babies who use organic brown rice syrup as a sweetener, according to a Dartmouth College study released today.
The report, Published in Journal Environmental Health Perspectives, found that two of the 17 baby formulas which were tested had organic rice syrup as main ingredient and in one case the arsenic concentration level exceeding six times the limit federal.
The government sets a limit 10 parts per billion (ppb) and total arsenic in bottled water or consumption.
The researchers highlighted the situation as "particularly worrying for babies" because of their vulnerability to the toxic effects of arsenic on the relationship between their size and weight and the amount of arsenic consumed.
Also, the study found that 22 of 29 cereal bars or energy bars tested had organic brown rice syrup as a sweetener, rice flour, rice grains or rice flakes among its top five ingredients.
The researchers also analyzed the level of arsenic in energy drinks (in English, "energy shots") and found that one of the three varieties had a total of 84 ppb of arsenic, while the other 2 reached 171 ppb.
The study highlights the need for greater regulation as to the limits of this chemical in food due to the increasing prevalence of hidden arsenic in food.
A recent Consumer Reports study also found elevated levels of arsenic in apple and grape juices.
New legislation introduced in the House of Representatives of the United States last week, seeks to establish limits on levels of arsenic and lead in fruit juices.

Choose the formula for your baby

Since the baby is born, the best food you can receive is the breast milk , here we explain the basics of breastfeeding . Mother's milk in addition to having all the nutrients a baby needs to grow healthy and strong, also has elements immunizing passes through it. In addition, breastfeeding is more convenient for the mother, do not prepare the formula and sterilize bottles, feeding the baby at night is much more practical, not get up to prepare it. And it's certainly a lot cheaper. Not spent at all. It also helps the mother regain her figure and trim the kilos that have been gained during pregnancy, and assistance in the future health of women.

However, not always possible to breastfeed for various reasons. Some women have some difficulty breastfeeding for certain health conditions or other personal reasons. If this is your case, you should not feel bad or guilty, the formulas are also very good, and are made ​​to meet the nutritional needs of babies. Although they can not duplicate the exact chemical composition of breast milk, especially for its cells, hormones and antibodies to fight disease, contain carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals in a manner similar to breast milk. There are mothers who breastfeed but at some point have to resort to formula. Give the bottle also allows you to convey love and affection to your baby. The formula should be used during the first year of baby's life, since children are not ready for cow's milk in the first 12 months of life. Next year you can give your baby whole milk, but not to use skim milk or reduced fat, they do not have enough calories and fat that the baby needs. Cow's milk alone is not an appropriate diet for infants because of the small kidney is not yet able to tolerate it, so it can eventually cause the non-tolerance to milk proteins. You will have a number of precautions when giving formula. Choose the formula for your baby First you should consult your pediatrician for advice choosing what type of formula for your baby. There are two basic types of formula: which is made ​​based on cow's milk, and made ​​based on soybean. It may be that babies are intolerant and have an allergic reaction to the one made ​​based on cow's milk, so they advise you to turn your made ​​based on soy. Some formulas are fortified with iron, others have very low doses of iron and other directly contain nothing of this mineral. There are several ways in which this product is presented:

• Ready to use: This milk is more expensive but requires no prior preparation
• Concentrated liquid is a bit cheaper than the previous one. Mixing the formula with water in equal parts.
• Powder: It is the cheapest. Mixing the powder with water

Use only the formulas approved by health authorities, do not use homemade formulas as it may not contain all the nutrients your baby needs for healthy and normal development. formulas available

• Home: For babies from 0 to 6 months.
• Continuation: Between 6 and 12 months.
• Formula for premature babies.
• Lactose-free formula: For children between 0 and 24 months.
• Formula based on soy protein: For infants allergic to milk protein.
• Hydrolysed formula: For babies with allergies.

How to know whether to change the formula if the baby becomes fussy, if you have some allergic reactions, or if you notice any change in color or consistency of the stool of the baby, or frequency of the same, you may need to change the formula . If you notice any unusual symptoms you should consult your pediatrician, who will recommend to do. Hygiene and sterilization Hygiene is very important when preparing food for your baby. Note that the defense system of young babies is underdeveloped. You are advised to have a bottle for each shot, with a corresponding nipple. Sometimes the nipples bring a very small hole, making it difficult to suction the baby gets tired and swallow air, which can cause gas. If this happens enlarge the nipple hole with a hot needle. You must sterilize the bottles, caps and nipples themselves before first use. You can boil them in water for 5 minutes. Each time you finish using them should be washed with soap and water, and rinse them in abundance. Use a long brush to get to the bottom of the bottle and remove all traces of milk. You are advised to esterilices bottles and nipples once a day. Store in the refrigerator to keep them sterile. Do not store the remains of milk the baby stopped, they often become contaminated easily, if you throw them remained in the bottle for more than an hour. Preparation of the formula must wash your hands thoroughly before preparing. You must follow the instructions that came in each formula, carefully measuring the elements of the mix. If you put too little water can upset the stomach or kidneys of the baby, and if you add a lot, diminishes the quality of the food. Improper mixing of the ingredients can cause abdominal pain. It is recommended that if you use water, boil for 1 or 2 first minutes and then let it cool, or use bottled water. It is very safe to use unboiled tap water because it can be contaminated. For formula must use cold water. To warm formula, place the bottle in a pan with hot water and wait a few minutes to lukewarm. To see if you throw yourself at the correct temperature a few drops on the wrist. Just be warm, not hot. Do not use the microwave to heat the bottle, it may happen that the pacifier from getting too hot, or that the formula has been hot in some parts more than others, and the baby will burn. You should keep prepared formula in the refrigerator, well covered, but not freeze. You cover the open can of formula or liquid concentrate well in the refrigerator, and you use it within 48 hours after opening. Do not leave prepared formula out of the fridge for more than two hours. How much to take the baby? Usually you have to give the formula on demand. He will make you understand when you're hungry, and leave the bottle when full. Usually the formula has more calories than breast milk, so the baby will need fewer daily doses. Monthly monitoring is very important to the baby's weight, that will indicate if you are fed in appropriate amounts. To give you an idea, babies need approximately:

• 6 to 8 shots of formula per day during the first month
• 5 to 6 shots a day of formula 1 to 3 months
• 4 to 5 shots per day of formula 3 to 7 months
• 3 to 4 shots of formula per day for 7 to 9 months

The proper amount you should give at each feeding depends on the weight and age of the baby. It also depends on if these feeding in combination with breast milk or solid foods. So you should consult with your doctor to know about the baby milliliters need to consume per day.

Take off the diaper

Approximately two years of age when the child begins to have some control over half its excretory function.

There are no specific ages since learning of each child is individual, although it is known that approximately two to three years the child should control the pee and poop little later. As proposed age limit two years, age at which we should consult with your doctor if there is any physical or emotional problem.

The withdrawal phase of the diaper is for children a new challenge that must confront unarmed, no security, so it is imperative that parents may bring the situation to not cause the child fears or resistance.
First you should make sure that it is the time when your child wants to stop using the diaper, never force the situation because you decide that now is the time. Each child is in its development phase and some find it harder than others, gives your child time to reach this maturity.

At first the withdrawal the diaper is difficult

For your part you should be aware of certain signs that may give us clues as to whether the time has come. These tracks are often invisible to some and are important, such as whether the child wants to get on the toilet and sit as the elderly, also notes if you like flushing or want to get older underwear as his brother.
One important thing is to monitor the urinary response, checks for long periods in which the diaper is dry or after the night or nap time is kept dry, this indicates that the time is coming and that the child controls a little more his sphincter.
On the other hand look at what their response when the diaper is wet or dirty, look to see if it bothers you, pull it, I want to remove, this indicates that mature and already realizes he has urinated, smallest thing not being identified.
In her non-verbal communication can also find some notes if you move tracks anxious before wetting or stops and stands still just before doing so, this indicates that it is realizing that you are urinating and therefore may control if we give instructions.

When taught to use the toilet or urinal will be very helpful to use a model, for example may be the mother and brother

Is a gradual process
Like everything in the child, the final withdrawal of the diaper will need a gradual learning process with errors and successes for which we must be prepared.
Our attitude should be calm and understanding giving explanations to the child every time you get a goal or every time you make a mistake, our goal will not feel bad every time you pee and show up naturally happens to all and normal children. We will make every effort to avoid criticism, jokes for adults or other siblings since the child may feel guilty and lose self-esteem.
Although he wet his pants or the bed several times, never complain of dirty clothes or work giving because believe it is their fault and not evolve, you will feel pressured by the environment and this will be counterproductive.
When taught to use the toilet or urinal will be very helpful to use a model, for example may be the mother and one brother.
The child sees the other as they use it naturally and it will get used to it too.
We also help the dolls that pee or poop or the stories they talk about it, we can invent characters and draw them so that the child can color in situations always in the bathroom.
To get the child used the potty in the toilet first and then he will sit every day several times, but do nothing, in order to associate the object to the excretory function.

Tips When I buy underwear or potty more you will engage in the purchase, for the point which you like best and often delude with the idea of ​​being more and get it. We must not hesitate for a moment that will get it, especially if he is ahead. Messages will always support and encouragement but not excessive for generarle not a fear of failure then we disappoint us. The key is normal. Celebrate each success especially to provoke motivation, remember that rewarded behavior is repeated over time and tend to disappear or punished not improve, so that punishment is not a good weapon to get our son to control the sphincter. Note that is a growth stage and will like the other, remember when you have lots of sheets to wash and take it quiet Avoid at all costs comparison with other children their age because it will make you feel inferior if others have done it and he did not. This process avoids contact with mothers who boast of the achievements of their children and to make you feel bad to you. Explain that each takes time and that's not good or bad, if you resort to some as it is for him to get information on how you achieved the other, so that he does well to see if it works, but never compare him or minus valorarle. It uses older siblings or cousins ​​to encourage him by telling their experiences, explain to children that your child is sad because they can not control the pee and then you encourage others, be willing to help. Finally, keep in mind that this is a time of change in the child that will provoke fears and insecurities, do not mix other situations that may cause anxiety because then it will overflow. If you are going towards changes in the family leaves the control of pee later. Address changes, new schools, vacation or unbalance the child separations and more pressure will be counterproductive, expected to pass.

Bronchiolitis In Baby

What is bronchiolitis?

Bronchiolitis is a common viral infection that goes through about every third baby in its first year of life. Most of the virus occurs in the winter months, in the typical cold season from October to March. Bronchiolitis is a form of Cold Ignite in the smallest airways (bronchioles) in the lung. They swell and fill with mucus. This makes breathing difficult.

Responsible for this are several viruses that are commonly respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and rhinoviruses, which also Middle ear infections, Pseudo-Krupp and can cause pneumonia.

How do I know if my baby has bronchiolitis?

Bronchiolitis is usually a bit stronger than the common cold. But the first symptoms are the same:

• runny or stuffy nose
• hacking cough
• temperature increased from 37.5 to 38 degrees C.
• Anorexia

After two or three days, the symptoms worse:

• the cough is persistent
• breathing is rapid, shallow and labored
• the heart beats faster than usual
• feeding may be difficult, perhaps your child refuses to eat.

When should I bring my baby to the doctor?

If you are not sure whether it is a bronchiolitis or a cold, then go to the children's physician / pediatrician. He / she will then measure the oxygen in the blood and then decide whether the child is hospitalized may need. However, although the symptoms seem dangerous and you do worry, understandably, most cases of bronchiolitis harmless and can be treated safely at home.

Only about two percent of all babies develop severe bronchiolitis and must be treated in hospital. Check with your doctor / health care professional if you notice any of these symptoms in your baby:

• There has been drinking in the last 24 hours, only half the usual amount of milk
• It shows signs of Dehydration - Are no wet diaper dry for six hours or longer, or mouth and lips
• the Fever rises above 38 degrees C.
• There seems to be sleepy and lethargic
• It has difficulty with breathing (see below)

A severe bronchiolitis caused respiratory problems, so keep an eye on your baby and immediately call an ambulance or go directly to the hospital when your baby shows any of the following symptoms:

• it wheezes (a rasping, whistling sound while breathing)
• the nostrils swell
• the skin between the ribs, collarbone or below the ribs with each breath is sucked inward seemingly
• It groans and his stomach muscles contract with each breath
• His lips and fingernails are blue
• the respiration is accelerated to more than 60 breaths per minute
• breathing is sometimes made for a few seconds

Some babies have a higher risk to get severe bronchiolitis than others. Go to the Children's physician / pediatrician if you think your child has bronchiolitis and:

• is younger than three months
• was a Premature birth
  
• has since the birth of health problems, such as lung or heart problems
• has a weakened Immunsysten
• in the past has ever needed extra oxygen

How can I treat Bronchiolits home?

Because bronchiolitis is a viral infection, you can not do much except wait until the immune system has done its work. In most cases, the sounds from bronchiolitis after one to two weeks.

Most doctors recommend the same treatment as in a Cold. Here's what you can do to help your baby be suffering:

• Encourage your baby to drink a lot. If you still then you give him as much as possible the chest. If your baby Baby food or even solid food gets, then you can also give him water. If it has problems with breathing, your child will not want to drink a lot at once. Offer him so often a few sips to prevent it from dehydrated and the fever is reduced.

• You can give your baby a fever or a suppository be suitable for children ibuprofen or acetaminophen, if it is older than three months. Read the package insert and speak with your doctor or pharmacist if you are unsure because of the dose. Paracetamol and ibuprofen reduce the Fever and alleviate neck pain, your baby will eat and drink in simple and can.

• If your baby has a stuffy nose due to his problems with feeding, then hold it while eating as possible in an upright position. You can buy saline nose drops at the pharmacy to make the noose. Drops of the solution 15 minutes before each feeding into the nostrils.

• Raise the head end of the crib or baby bed or easily let your baby sleep in the car seat if it is older than six months (younger children are mostly related slumped in a car seat, which hinder breathing even more). If you lift the head of your baby, then it gets better air despite a blocked nose.

• Steam inhalation can open the airways and loosen your baby's cough. However, you should not directly expose your baby hot steam, because it could scald. The safer method is to take your baby with the bath. Turn on the hot water in the shower together and you stay a few minutes in the water vapor. Afterwards you have to dress your baby, of course, something dry.

If possible, give a child under six years of no-counter cold medications because of the feared side effects. Before you play around with any medication, ask your GP or pediatrician. Above all, you never give your child a cold medicine that is intended for adults.

Can bronchiolitis lead to complications?

After bronchiolitis have some babies breath or a cough keuchendere, especially during a Cold. Asthma and other respiratory difficulties were taken by researchers in conjunction with bronchiolitis.

Very rarely develops from bronchiolitis in infants with pneumonia. In babies with congenital heart or lung defects can worsen the condition bronchiolitis.

How can I prevent bronchiolitis?

As the disease spreads as droplet infection, it is often passed on in nurseries, offices and even among friends. The virus survives long in the air or on the palms about six hours, so hygiene is important. Wash your hands frequently with warm water and antibacterial soap. Insist that all who handle your baby, also wash their hands before.

Keep your baby from colds people and avoid large crowds.

10 safe home remedy for colds and flu in baby

1) honey (for children aged 12 months)

How it helps
Honey soothes and caresses the neck and relieve the cough.
In a study by the Pennsylvania State University's College of Medicine, found that parents of 105 children aged 2 to 18 years, that honey is more helpful in the treatment of nocturnal cough and works better than cough syrup.

What you need
Honey is available in any grocery store.
Honey is often hard at room temperature. Fill out a few spoonfuls of honey in a container and heat it briefly in the microwave or bring water to a boil and then set the glass with honey five or ten minutes in the very hot water to soften it.

Application
If your child is old to five years, you can give him half a teaspoon of honey. If it is between six and eleven years old, give him a teaspoon.
Some parents mix the honey with hot water and add a squeeze of lemon, which gives a bit of vitamin C along with the soothing honey.
Since honey is a sticky sweetness, it is important to brush your teeth after taking, especially if he had taken at bedtime.

Please note: Give your child no honey before his first birthday. This could cause a rare and sometimes fatal disease that is called infant botulism. Read Is honey safe for my baby?

2) A nose pot (for children over 4 years)

How it helps
A nasal rinsing pot of a mild salt solution through the nasal passages, moistens this area and dilutes, dissolves and washes away the mucus.
According to a report that was published in 2008, experts have 390 children aged six to ten years investigated and found that a nasal spray that is produced from sea water, faster in cold symptoms gave relief as the standard medications for colds. It is not certain whether the salt is simply helps to remove the mucus, or trace elements in water have a positive effect. But other scientists who have studied the effect of saline nasal irrigation were also benefits.

What you need
A nasal pot that looks like a small watering can or a tea pot. It is usually made of ceramic or metal.
Your child must also be willing to cooperate and participate in the procedure. It does not hurt, but first a little strange. This is definitely not suitable for babies or small children. Older children (and adults) make it perhaps not. Some people find it great, while others find it terrible.

Application
Tilt your child's head over the sink to the side and insert the spout of the jug into the nostril, so water can run through the nasal passages and they moisten and clean. This requires a bit of practical handling, but it's easy when you first know how it goes.
Try this first go at yourself before you show your child how to use a nasal pot. Then you can watch your child with you when you use it. And help him finally, when it is ready.

Here is the basic method:

1. Fill a pot with warm salt solution.
2. Lean over the sink, tilt your head sideways and place the spout of the jug deep into the nostril. The water flows gently through the nostrils and comes out the other nostril. (Breathe out during the rinsing your mouth.)
3. Repeat with the other nostril.

It is perhaps easiest to practice this with your child in the bathtub or shower.

Please note: Do not force any child to do so if it is not ready. This must be a very gentle procedure. If the child is fighting back, it may be traumatized or his nasal passages may be damaged.

3) nose clean (for children over 2 years)

How it helps
If the nose is freed from mucus, it will help your child to breathe, she sleeps better and feels better. And it looks even better!

What you need
A pack of soft tissues.

How do you do that?
Many children do not learn do this before her fourth birthday, but some are willing to just two years.

Tips on how to teach a child to blow your nose:

• Tell your child that they should imitate what you do. Some children do not need anymore.
• Explain that the nose-blowing is a "smell in the opposite direction."
• Let your child hold one nostril and practice, blow out the air from the other gently. A mirror or a small piece of tissue under the nose helps him here to see his breath as well.
• Teach him to brush his nose gently. Snort too hard can damage the ears.
• Give your child his own little box with colorful tissue paper.
• Teach him, used handkerchiefs to throw in the trash and wash his hands after blowing your nose.

If the nose of your child, after all the brushing and blowing the nose is sore, you can apply a little petroleum jelly or other ointment suitable for children around the nostrils.

4) A bulb syringe (suitable for babies)

How it helps
It cleans the nose of children who are too young to brush their nose. A bulb syringe is really useful if you bother to give a stuffy nose while nursing or when shopping. Apply it 15 minutes earlier on.
To clean a clogged nose with a bulb syringe works best for small babies. If an older child, this procedure does not matter, but there is no reason not to apply it.

What you need

• A bulb syringe
• Salt-water solution

You can buy saline nose drops in bottles in a pharmacy or make your own.

The recipe for homemade saline nose drops: Dissolve half a teaspoon of salt in 240 ml of warm water. Make it fresh every day and keep it on with a clean glass cover. Bacteria can grow in this solution. Therefore, you should no longer keep the saline solution over 24 hours.

How it is applied

1. Tilt your baby's head back and press for 10 to 20 drops of saline in each nostril to thin the mucus and resolve. Try then to keep his head about 10 seconds still.
2. Squeeze the bulb syringe and insert the tip gently into his nostril.
3. Leave the syringe slowly going to suck so the mucus and saline.
4. Remove the syringe and push the balloon, where you collect the mucus in a tissue.
5. Wipe the syringe and take the other nostril.
6. Repeat the procedure if necessary.

Vacuum release the nose of your baby only a few times a day, because otherwise you may irritate the mucous membranes. Use saline drops for no longer than four days, because you can dry the nose over time, exacerbating the condition may still be.

If your baby is really unhappy with the syringe, use saline nose drops, and then wipe the nostrils gently with a cotton ball. This is not the sucking force of the syringe, but better than nothing!

Please note: Use a decongestant nasal spray unless your doctor advises you not. It may work for some time, it can also have the opposite effect and make the constipation worse in the long run.

5) Gargling with salt water (for children over 4 years)

How it helps
Gargling with salt water is a proven agent to treat a sore throat. It also helps to rid the throat of mucus. Scientists have not yet figured out exactly why it works, but studies have shown that this actually means relief.

What you need
Warm salt water.
Simply enter a half teaspoon of salt in a glass of warm water and stir around. If your child the taste does not matter, one or two squirts of lemon to be a soothing addition.
Your child must be old enough to get to gargle. For many children this means school age or older.

How it's done
We recommend a three or four times a day for gargling.

A few tips on how to teach your child gargle:

• Practice just with water.
• Tell your child that he should hold his head back, and then try to keep the water at the back of the throat, without drinking it.
• If it's well controlled, it will try to make noises in his throat. Show them what it looks like and how it sounds.
• Teach him, spit out and not swallow the water.

6) The head set higher (all ages)

How it helps
Elevating the head may help your child breathe while resting and sleeping.

What you need
Towels and pillows to raise the top of the mattress or pillow to elevate your child's head.

How it's done
If your child sleeps in a crib, put some towels or a thin pillow under the mattress. Do not put towels or pillows along with your child in the manger, because it can choke you. Also try not to make the legs of the crib later. This could be the crib can be unstable.

If your child is sleeping in a king size bed, an extra pillow can already fulfill the purpose under his head. But if your child is very restless during sleep and a lot of back and forth turns, it is better to raise the head of the bed by sliding towels or a pillow under the mattress. This results in a smoother and more comfortable angle as an extra pillow under his head.

Another option is to let your child sleep in his car seat. Many adults sleep in their favorite easy chair when they are ill, your child is asleep, perhaps even better in a semi-sitting position. If your school child while sleeping should be high, it may be more comfortable sleeping in a chair.

Please note: Whether crib or bed is: do not overdo it. If your child is a restless sleeper, maybe it turns around so that his feet will be higher than the head, making all efforts to nothing.

7) Plenty of rest (all ages)

How it helps
The fight against infection needs strength, and this can deplete a child (or adult). If your child is rested, it gesundet, and that's exactly what it needs.

Studies have shown that stress also plays a role in diseases. If your child is under pressure - because of the school, some friends and events at home - you grant him peace, that's probably exactly what it takes to deal with the symptoms are.

What you need
A comfortable place where you can relax your child, and something that can deal with.

How it's done
Now is the time to read to your child and to deal with it. Or give it new color pencils, paper or a coloring book. Even a puzzle can be done in bed. Exceptionally, it may also view his times LieblingsDVD or his TV show again.

A bed is of course not necessarily the best place to rest. A change of location may be helpful. If the weather is nice, set up for your child a comfortable place on the balcony or garden. In the house you might make something more interesting than the bed - for example a tent in the living room or a cozy corner full of cushions in your area.

If it is difficult for your child to calm down, help him by making it cozy with a few books. Teach him nursery rhymes or tell each other stories. Or give him the phone so that it can hold a chat with friends or Grandma.

8) Steam (all ages)

How it works
Exposure to moist air, supports the release of mucus in the nasal passages. A warm bath has the added effect that it relaxes your child.

What you need
A humidifier, vaporizer (evaporator) and a bathroom full of steam.
Make sure that the humidifier often (every three days is recommended) and cleaned according to the manufacturer. Humidifiers accumulate mold, they spray into the air if they are not kept scrupulously clean.

Application
Place a humidifier or vaporizer in the room to where your child sleeps, rests and plays.

Give your child a warm bath in a bathroom full of steam. If it is old enough, you can use it in the bathroom as long as it wants to be playing - of course under supervision. Add to the bath water (or vaporizer) a few drops of menthol, eucalyptus or pine oil. This gives your child may feel less clogged too. These oils are available at most health food stores.

If it is not an appropriate time for a bath, just turn on the hot water faucet in the bathtub or the shower and stay with your child about 15 minutes in a room full of steam. (Bring a few books.)

9) Lots of fluids (for children aged 6 months)

How it works
The drinking lots of fluids to prevent dehydration which, dilutes the secretions of the nose and flushes them out. Moreover, is liquefied and the mucus in the bronchi and can be coughed up better.

What you need
Fluids that your child likes drinking.

As applied
Plain water is wonderful, but your child is not perhaps so tempting. Try it with Smoothies and other popular healthy beverages and ice that was made from the juices.

Caution: Stay in babies younger than six months, breast milk or breast milk substitutes, if your doctor has recommended otherwise. How small babies need no water and could even be harmful too much.

10), chicken soup and other hot liquids (for children aged 6 months)

How they work
Hot liquids can be very beneficial and provide relief for a stuffy nose. Studies have shown that chicken soup really cold symptoms such as pain, fatigue, nasal congestion and Fever eases.

What you need
Soup and tea or hot liquids that your child likes.

Application
Serve hot soup (not hot). A soup from a can works just as well as a self-made, say scientists at the University of Nebraska.
If your child is at least six months old, it may taste a weak, tepid chamomile tea.

Please note: There are other herbal teas that are safe for children. But ask your doctor before you give your child a chamomile tea than others, because not all "natural" products are safe.

Stick with breast milk and breast milk substitute for babies under six months, if your doctor has recommended otherwise. How small babies need no water and could even be harmful to a lot of it.

Strawberry Birthmark (hemangioma) In Baby

What is a hemangioma?

A strawberry mark, hemangioma medically, is a benign tumor. Your pediatrician will probably speak of a tumor, but that you should not worry. Tumor circumscribes only the fact that there is a change in tissue. With a sponge or expand blood vessels proliferate small skin like a sponge, hence the name.

Hemangiomas are common in newborns, about one to three percent of affected infants, Are present or visible with about 30 percent of hemangiomas at birth, 70% occur between the second and fifth week of life. Girls are affected five times more likely than boys.

Unlike normal mother and birth marks of the blood sponge initially grows and shrinks in most cases, then disappears again until he. Most other birth times remain unchanged.

Rarely hemangioma at birth have already reached full size. They can grow up to 18 months on, only then they may gradually decline. This is sometimes very slowly. By the time a blood sponge is completely gone, it can take between three to ten years. It can also go faster. About 80 percent of hemangiomas disappear gradually either entirely or at least partially.

Some hemangiomas are small and inconspicuous, but others are very large and disfiguring - particularly because they occur in four out of five times in the face and neck. However, they can form anywhere where blood vessels (ie the whole body, even internally). Even if they disappear by themselves, hemangiomas can leave scars that look ugly for a lifetime.

The cause of hemangiomas is unclearPresumably they are not genetically. You as parents should therefore not feel guilty, you did nothing wrong. What is important now, as soon as possible to make an accurate diagnosis in order to begin treatment.

What are hemangiomas?

There are different forms depending on the level of development and also see the hemangiomas varies. In infants, occur mainly two ways. Depending on how deep they go under the skin, it is divided into capillary (superficial) and cavernous (deep) forms. In the beginning they usually appear as bluish or pale red patch on the skin.

Kapilläres Hämangiom. Capillaries are tiny blood vessels, thus it is also formed blood sponge is relatively small. It is red and forms on the skin or mucosa. They look like a strawberry and form, in most cases, back yourself.

Cavernous hemangioma. These hemangiomas occur in larger blood vessels and are divided according to depth in the skin and subcutaneous again in cutaneous hemangioma, and a mixture of both. The cutaneous hemangioma is reddish and forms a soft lumps on the skin, which can also bluish shimmer. It is usually resolve without treatment. The subcutaneous hemangioma is flat and shimmering blue, it is not so sharply limited. This rare tumor forms are self-limiting.

Hemangiomas are harmless?

In most cases they are not nice to look at though, but innocuous. Hemangiomas can be dangerous, you can not see. Some do not grow on the skin, but in the body and thus can block vital organs or breathing, seeing, hearing, or even prevent the ingestion of food. This is also true for hemangiomas that grow very close to the eyes or ears. These haemangioma should be removed as soon as possible.

The following symptoms may indicate an inward hemangioma:

• a yellowish color, indicative of jaundice

• Blood in stool

• Severe wheezing (whistling or hissing, barking cough) and breathing difficulties

If your child has more than three superficial haemangioma, then the doctor should be an ultrasound done to rule out internal haemangioma.

Find a doctor even if the tumor is growing very fast and / or changes the form.

The majority of hemangiomas is safe, not painful and does not cause discomfort. Sometimes they are somewhat sensitive to pressure and can burst into flames. But they are disturbing, especially from an aesthetic point of view.

How can they treat?

To treat, until it should have an accurate diagnosis. By ultrasound or a CT scan rarely the exact size and depth of the hemangioma can be found. With a vascular Doppler blood flow is measured.

It is often easy to maintain, whether regress hemangiomas that are not life threatening, of course. If this happens in the first year of life, usually no treatment is necessary, although the risk remains of scarring. However, the treatments often have negative consequences, so parents should consider whether they should leave the sponge to remove blood for cosmetic reasons or not. Treatment can be useful if the hemangioma disfigured face, not regresses and your child might be teased by others, but what is in the first two years of life still is not the case.

Is usually treated with laser therapy or by freezing (cryotherapy). The latter, however painful, can cause swelling and scarring. In some cases, the tumor is surgically removed. Irradiation is rarely done today because the damage is too severe for the treatment.

For very large capillary hemangiomas can also be treated with medication, for example with steroids.

Depending on the size of the hemangioma treatment lasts one to several sessions. After each treatment, a blood sponge should be checked regularly by the agency physician.

What can I do?

You can prevent hemangiomas, you can also even do anything to prevent them from growing or to accelerate the disappearance. You can try one of the above treatments, but if you decide against treatment with laser or freezing, then you can do is wait. Remember: As long as the blood sponge your baby is not seeing or hearing impaired, it is completely safe and causes him no pain. Watch the tumor, however, very carefully and go to the doctor when she grows quickly and does not regress even after several months.

Breastfeeding - Step by Step

Breastfeeding is more than the baby pushing on your chest and let nature take its course. For many women who are first time mothers, breastfeeding is a book with seven seals. How can you lay the baby on properly, so suck it good? To develop a good technique, follow these steps:
Tickling the corners of the mouth of your baby with your finger or nipple. To encourage it to suck.	Wait until the baby has opened his mouth before offering the nipple perpendicular to it. Many women with her free hand like her breast in his hand, so that the baby is well on the nipple.
Make sure that your baby gets the right breast in his mouth. A large part of the nipples court, if not all, should be covered in baby's mouth. Important: upper and lower lips of your baby should be slipped to the outside (like a small fish mouth!). Otherwise, it swallows too much air.	It is best if your baby's mouth is open wide so that you can invest it well.
As long as your baby drinks, keep it close to the body, sometimes it is helpful to press his head and neck a little in itself. This is also good if you use a nursing pillow.	If done properly, breastfeeding may be a great, wonderfully intimate experience for both mother and child.