Allergies in babies

What is an allergy?

An allergy is a strong reaction in the body that occurs when your child comes into contact with certain substances, either by eating, touching, or breathing them a shot. There are therefore three main types of allergies: food allergy, skin allergy, respiratory allergy.

Among these manifestations, ranging from one child to another, include:

• the asthma
• the eczema
• hayfever.

Infants and younger children, it is most often food allergies :

• dairy products,
• eggs,
• peanuts,
• walnuts and hazelnuts.

Later, the child may develop an allergy to certain pollens, grasses, dust mites, latex or pet hair. However, the majority of children are allergic to some products.

Allergies are they frequent?

Almost four out of ten children have at least one allergy. The number of allergy sufferers has increased significantly since the last forty years. It seems, however, that if the number of asthmatic reactions stabilized, food allergies, they are booming.

What is an allergic reaction?

If your child has an allergy, the body reacts when it comes into contact with a protein (called "allergens") contained in the product which he is allergic. His immune system will then produce antibodies very specific: the immunoglobulin E (IgE). Whenever he eat, touch or inhale a substance containing the allergen, the IgE will stimulate certain cells in the blood which will release large amounts of a chemical called "histamine." It is the histamine, distributed throughout the body via the blood vessels, which will cause the symptoms observed:

• watery eyes,
• nose and itchy eyes,
• urticaria and edema (swelling).

The more severe reactions can cause difficulty breathing with or without wheezing, or a drop in blood pressure that herald the onset of anaphy lactic shock A very serious condition that endangers the life of the child. If you think your child has a major allergic reaction, call for help immediately by contacting the ambulance by dialing 15 or firemen by dialing 18. In some children, allergic reaction to food can occur later. Parts of the immune system that generate these delayed reactions are not the same as for immediate response. Unfortunately, their mode of operation is less well known. Symptoms of these delayed reactions include: gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), the colic, diarrhea, constipation, sleep disorders and eczema, especially in infants, for whom milk seems most often to causing the allergy.

What causes allergies?

Predisposition to allergies (atopy) is often hereditary especially if both parents are allergic (we estimate that the child has 80% chance of developing an allergic). However, the trigger will not necessarily be the same as for the parents. If allergies are common in your family, your baby may suffer from eczema or allergies to certain foods. Remember that allergies can be distinguished into 3 groups: food, skin, respiratory. Growing up, it is hay fever and asthma as may be problems. It seems that pollution is the cause of the rise in allergies. Others blame the utmost cleanliness of our homes: meeting children much less microbes, they would not have many opportunities to develop their own defenses.

Are allergies easy to detect?

Not always. For example, if your baby's breathing is noisy, it may simply be because he has a cold. This is usually not a sign of allergies and tend to have this wheezing disappears growing. If breathing is wheezingIt evokes bronchiolitis. Today, all the experts agree on one point from three winter bronchiolitis in an infant less than 1 year, it is called asthma in infants. If, at the age of three, your child's breathing is still noisy after a cold, it is better to consult your pediatrician as it could be asthma. Some common allergies, such as eczema or hay fever, are easier to identify.

How does one diagnosed allergies?

If your doctor suspects an allergy in your child, it is likely to require skin tests (prick tests) in collaboration with an allergist. In this review, drops of liquid containing various allergens are placed on the skin of the child's arms and a tiny prick is made in each to see how the skin reacts. Blood tests can also inform the pediatrician on the presence of allergies. Always consult your health care specialist if you are concerned. It is not very difficult to make a diagnosis of allergy. But it is more difficult to diagnose allergies when they occur by another symptom, constipation, sleep disorders ... Prescription allergy screening test with prick and blood tests will already be a first track! Read the opinions of our experts on Milk allergies for more information.

What is the best time to allergies?

Twenty percent of young children suffer from eczema and 6-8% of food allergies. During infancy, the trigger is most often milk (between 2 and 7% of babies). Growing up, children can become allergic to pollen, pet fur, mold or dust mites. Mold allergies usually occur in autumn and can be confused with a cold, as well as allergies to dust mites, which are particularly prevalent in the winter. A child has a stuffy nose year round probably suffering from allergic rhinitis, caused by mites or pets.

My child is allergic he all his life?

Allergies babies often disappear when they grow up. However, it also depends on the cause of the allergy. If a reaction to milk or eggs, it is likely that the allergy has disappeared before the third anniversary. Subsequently, these children sometimes suffer from asthma or hay fever. Allergies to nuts and fish tend them to persist: they do not disappear with age from 10 to 20% of children.

How to treat allergies?

We must first find the exact origin of your child's allergy. Your GP will help you. Obviously, the easiest way to care for your child is to make sure it is not in contact with the product release. However, this is not always possible and treatment with antihistamines and / or corticosteroids may be necessary. There are also methods of desensitization, in which the child is exposed to increasing doses of allergen to the investigation. Certain precautions can help prevent allergies:

• Hay fever: watch warning bulletins pollen (pollen-newsletters allergo) by looking Pollens.fr and keep your child at home on days when the pollen to which they are allergic are particularly numerous, especially if it is windy. Wash the child frequently is also useful. If the problem becomes too difficult to manage, consult your doctor. You can find more information on hay fever in our data "expert opinion."
• Eczema : Ask your pediatrician to prescribe a moisturizer and / or corticosteroid ointment to soothe skin irritation. If you own a dog or a cat and you think their hair is the cause of the allergy, vacuum regularly: vacuum the carpets, beds.
• Asthma If your child is allergic to dust mites, certain places particularly infested, such as bedrooms, for example, may cause a worsening of asthma. Symptoms similar to hay fever or eczema may also occur. Although it is impossible to eliminate all the dust, do the cleaning as often as possible to limit quantity. Attention lint are real nests mites! Wash them as often as possible. Ventilate the room regularly. Garnish cot with mattress, pillow and covers "mite" and vacuum frequently. The ideal is to use a vacuum equipped with a HEPA filter that removes particles and allergens can reject fewer mites in the room.

Baby Dietary diversification: when, what and how?

The first food

The World  Health Organization (WHO) and The National Institute for Prevention and Health Education recommend the breast-feeding exclusive to the six months old baby. Past six months, breastfeeding alone does not provide enough nutrients, especially iron. It is therefore necessary to introduce new foods.




It is advisable to wait six months old to diversify food to reduce the risk of bad reactions to food allergies or development.

If you feel that your child needs solid food before six months, talk with your doctor or pediatrician. This is especially important if your baby was born prematurely. The National Institute for Prevention and Health Education estimated dietary diversification should never begin before the fourth month past the child (20 weeks of life).

When dietary diversification begins, one of the first things that your baby is to learn to swallow solid food. To ensure that your baby does not have the same time to discover new flavors and "new" muscles, you can choose as first food for baby cereal mixed with his usual milk.

You can also start with stewed fruit or vegetable puree. Introduce one food at a time to assess preferences, or mix cereal with applesauce or pureed carrots (carrots are slightly sweet, baby sweet flavors preferring early diversification).
Here are some foods to try:

• Mashed vegetables: carrots, rutabaga, sweet potatoes, zucchini.
• Stewed fruit: ripe apples cooked pears, mashed bananas.
• Infant cereals without gluten, such as baby rice or iron-fortified corn flour, mixed with his usual milk.

The next step

Once your baby knows how to eat with a spoon, its food range widens. She understood then:

• Mashed lean meat or poultry.
• Mashed lentils or split peas.
• Mashed vegetables mixed with potato or rice.
• Mashed vegetables, such as peas, cabbage, spinach or broccoli.
• Be sure to limit the number of sweets or grains to one serving per day, and always include mashed vegetables. Thicken the puree gradually as baby grows.
• It is recommended not to give babies cow's milk or dairy products (cheese, yogurt, cheese), fish and shellfish, soy, citrus fruits (including orange juice) or eggs up their six months.
• If your family has a history of allergies, such as eczema, Asthma or allergies, you should be cautious. If you want to introduce foods with allergens, such as peanuts or milk cow, we suggest you try them one after another, to easily identify any allergic reaction. If your baby has been diagnosed with allergies, it is recommended that you discuss the weaning with your doctor or pediatrician.
• Avoid foods made from wheat, rye and barley until the age of six months, to reduce the risk of developing celiac disease (which leads the body to a gluten intolerance). Forget for the moment the wheat, flour, pasta, cereals and crackers. It is best to avoid oats before six months of age also, if it contains gluten.
• Do not "milk away" (also called "growing up milk") to your child before six months of age.
• Do not add salt, sugar, honey or other sweeteners to food your child.

Seven to nine months

From the seventh month, your baby has made enough progress to join the family meal. You must offer a wide range of food to meet their dietary needs and to adjust to taste different flavors. Good news: the list of foods to avoid shortening! If you buy jars, you will find a range of four to seven months and another from seven months. In fact, there is no reason to prohibit a child six months of eating food labeled seven months (it will just adjust the consistency). You can now enter:

• Food minced or crushed but not pureed. There must have small pieces.
• A wider range of carbohydrates: bread, the couscous, pasta, breadsticks, baby cereal, oats, plus cornmeal, potatoes, rice. Give him two to three servings of starchy foods per day.
• Cold water (room temperature) in a cup of learning when he thirst, in addition to breastmilk or 500-600 ml of infant formula. If you give him the juice, do to during meals only and make sure it is well diluted (one part juice to 10 parts water). Give him a cup rather than a bottle. Reserve the orange juice at mealtimes helps absorb iron and reduces the risk of problems for growing teeth.
• Citrus fruits such as orange or tangerine.
• Cooked eggs, fish and shellfish can be added to other protein foods to your diet (red meat, poultry and lentils). Provide a portion of protein-rich foods per day.
• Unsalted nuts. If you have a family history of allergies, it is advisable not to give nuts to your child before the age of three. A board that does not relay all the experts for lack of evidence. As official notices are not all very clear, ask your doctor or pediatrician for advice.
• Dairy products such as cheese, yogurt and cheese. Although it is best to wait a year before introducing cow's milk as a drink, it can be used in cooking or cereal to your baby. You can make a cheese sauce to add to vegetables or pasta.
• On milk can be used if you wish.
• Once your baby knows how to take things with her fingers and hold well, you can give small to handle food alone at the table. Try, for example, cooked green beans or carrot sticks, cheese cubes, sliced ​​banana or pear slices soft well.

From ten months

Meals resemble those of adults. They should be sliced ​​or chopped and consist of two or three meals a day with one or two snacks and 500 ml to 600 ml of breast milk or infant. At this stage, your child will have:

• Three or four servings of starchy foods such as bread, pasta, potatoes or rice.
• A serving of meat, fish, eggs or two servings of legumes (lentils, peas, beans) or nut butter.
• One to two servings of cheese, cottage cheese, yogurt, as well as breast milk or infant.

What foods should be avoided in children less than one year?

• Always avoid salt, sugar, honey and artificial sweeteners. Try sweetening desserts with mashed banana or dried fruit puree or use breast milk or infant.
• Never coffee or tea! Tannin tea blocks the absorption of iron and caffeine is not really recommended for children.
• Do not give fruit syrups or diet drinks to your baby. Artificial sweeteners are not recommended for babies and young children.
• Foods that pose a risk of food poisoning should be avoided. This includes soft cheeses made from raw milk (type Mont d'Or), liver pâté and raw eggs.
• Do not give cow's milk (or goat or sheep) as a main drink for a year.
• Skimmed and semi-skimmed milk, pasta, yogurt and low fat cheese. Give versions always high in fat, they need those calories.

How much fat can be offered to infants and toddlers?

Until the age of two, fats are an important source of energy for your baby. So whole milk, cheese, yogurt and cheese are important. At two years, and only if it grows and eats properly balanced, you can introduce lower-fat foods. To five years, only a third of the energy should come from fat.

How much fiber may be offered to infants and toddlers?

Be careful not to give too much fiber for babies and young children. They can quickly fill a small belly and do not leave enough room for other energy foods. Give your child a mixture of white bread and wholemeal bread. If your toddler eats regularly beans and lentils as part of a vegetarian diet, make sure it also eats white bread, rice and pasta.

The main stages of development: the first baby teeth

The first baby teeth

Teething is not a baby step succeeds once. The transition from a toothless grin to a mouthful of teeth can take up to three years.

Everything starts in the womb. During pregnancy, the fetus is developing tooth buds which are the bases of baby teeth (also called milk teeth). These buds begin to break through the gum between 3 and 12 months. You will see that first tooth, a tangible sign that your child grows to six months, which is when he starts to eat solid food . To his 3 years, he has a mouth full of small teeth that may start brushing alone (with a little help from you). This is a first step towards independence.

At what age baby teeth out there?

A baby born in 2000 with one or two teeth! But the vast majority of them see their first tooth break between 6 and 7 months. It may appear earlier than three months and no later than one year. The last teeth (second molars, which are located at the rear, bottom or top of the jaw) are usually at their place during the second year. At three years old, your child should have all 20 of its baby teeth.

How does the arrival of the first tooth?

For most babies and parents, the arrival of the first tooth is not much fun and can shoot length. The first symptoms (hypersalivation and a lot of pain) before the output of a month or two. You will have to get up at night to comfort your baby will suffer from tooth pain out. For pain relief, your child can begin to bite, but not anger or hostility. Give him something to chew or rub his gums with your finger to ease the pain.

The gums may also swell when your child is teething, which give red cheeks puffy. While some parents report that their baby is feverish or the diarrhea when a tooth is about to come out, most experts agree that teething does not cause disease. At worst, your child may have a cold A small flu or stomach problems, which require you to go to the doctor.

Not feel the luckiest little or during teething. From one week to another, you will see in the toothless mouth of your baby a little bit of white on the gum. Celebrate the first tooth by taking several photos and note his arrival in the book of your child's birth.

Teeth out one after the other, first the lower incisors and upper incisors, premolars and molars. Tooth development is hereditary. If you've had yours early, there's a good chance that the same is true for your child.

The next step

The teeth will not fall until the permanent teeth of your child are ready to go out, at the age of 6 years.

How can you help?

There is nothing to be done to remove the teeth, but you can comfort your baby if it hurts when the process is underway. Give him something to chew first as teething rings that you stored in the refrigerator. Eat cold food, such as applesauce or yogurt out of the refrigerator, it can also be good.

If your baby suffers very much, you can give him a measuring spoon of paracetamol, according to its weight and seeking advice from your doctor.

If a fever or crying a lot, go see your doctor. He may be a otitis or another disease.

Once the teeth are removed, they must be kept clean. The first year, it will not be useful to brush his teeth, but try to clean them at least once a day. This may be part of the bedtime ritual. Your child may be ready to have a toothbrush in his mouth, then rub his gums and teeth with a clean cloth. Never put your child to bed with a bottle. Milk can stagnate in his mouth at night and cause cavities called "baby bottle syndrome".

Check with your pediatrician or dentist whether to give your child fluoride. To 18 months, your child can learn to brush their teeth. It will help you check and for several years if they are well brushed, but it is a good habit to get into. Show him how to move the brush his teeth. Use a soft brush and a little bit of toothpaste. There is no need to paint in a particular direction, just try to remove bits of food and clean the surface of the teeth and gums.

If your child does not like the taste of toothpaste, change brands or do not use. Toothpaste is not necessary if your child does not eat sugar, which is highly recommended. If he eats some sweets at a birthday for example, brush her teeth after or encourage them to finish the meal with a piece of cheese. To his third birthday, make an appointment with the dentist to get your child to check his teeth.

When to worry?

Premature babies often take a few months longer than others to make their teeth. If your toddler still has no teeth to a year, talk to your doctor. If he has all the symptoms (lots of drooling, swollen gums) and seem to have very little (inconsolable crying serve as clues), see your doctor. Teething should not be synonymous with intolerable suffering to a baby.

Taking care of baby teeth

When to start brushing my baby's teeth?

It is recommended to start clean your baby's teeth twice a day at the onset of her first tooth. If you start early, your baby will usually you give nettoyiez teeth.

The first baby tooth should appear in the middle of his lower jaw to six months. But sometimes (rarely) that some babies are born with a tooth already. Others still have no teeth at the age of one year.
Your baby will have a total of twenty teeth should be all out to his two and a half years .

This may seem long, but it is recommended to help brush his teeth until the age of six, seven years. From this age, he should be able to do it properly himself .

What toothbrush to use?

At first you may find it more convenient to clean your baby's teeth with a piece of moist gauze. Wrap it around your finger, place the tip of toothpaste and gently wipe your baby's teeth.
If you prefer to use a brush, choose one with soft bristles and rounded, different lengths and head slightly curved. . This will allow you access to every corner of your baby's mouth without too much difficulty. Read the information on the package to find out what age the brush you choose is intended.
Change brush, preferably every three months or sooner if the bristles start to wear down.

What toothpaste choose for my baby?

Fluoridated toothpaste helps prevent cavities, however, too much fluoride can be harmful. When choosing a toothpaste, check the fluorine and fluoride specifically:

• For three years, using a fluoride toothpaste less rich, or about 1 mg of fluoride per gram of paste .
• Beyond three years, you can use a conventional dentifrice containing between 1350 and 1500 ppm fluoride. .

Use only a small amount of dough and when your baby will be bigger, encourage him to spit. . If you follow these recommendations, some fluorinated toothpaste and regular toothpastes pose no danger even in areas where fluoride was added to water. The absorption of excessive amounts of fluoride can damage the teeth staining.

How do I clean my baby's teeth?

Try to make a habit of cleaning your baby's teeth twice a day. Do this once in the morning during your daily routine . And do it again in the evening after your child has swallowed his last drink and before he goes to bed. Place a small amount of toothpaste on the brush, less than three quarters of the hair should be covered.. Make small circular motions with the brush gently insisting on the area where the tooth and gum meet. Remember that when his teething, Your baby's gums are more sensitive. Do not brush too hard. When you are finished, make sure that your baby spits out the toothpaste, but it is not necessary to rinse his mouth with plenty of water. . It has been proven that rinsing the mouth after brushing reduces the effectiveness of toothpaste. You may find it more convenient to place your baby on your lap, facing you, brush her teeth. This position is also practical with toddlers. Discover more tips for brushing a toddler who does not let it go. If your baby refuses to be brushing your teeth, give her a toothbrush too. It will be great to imitate. You can also let him try to brush himself and then clean it. When you can, let your baby watch you brush your teeth. It will take a lesson in brushing teeth! Your dentist will be happy to advise you if you need help.

From when should I take my baby to the dentist?

Take your baby with you as soon as possible when you have an appointment at the dentist. It is well accustomed to the environment, smells, sounds and ritual care.

Should I give fluoride supplements to my baby?

Fluoride intake is recommended. Attention, it would seem, however, that excessive intake of fluoride can stain and damage the enamel. Ask your pediatrician.

What other tricks to protect my baby's teeth?

Caries come not from too much sugar in the diet of your baby, but the rate at which sugar is consumed during the day in the form of food or drink. Book sugary foods with meals. . This includes dry fruits which are highly concentrated in sugar and stick to the teeth. That your child has good teeth, consider:

• Give only breast milk or powdered milk, or boiled water for drinking warm your baby.
• Avoid syrups, fruit juices, flavored milk and soft drinks. These drinks often contain a lot of sugar and cause cavities.
• Give your baby to drink from a cup from about six months to make sure he leaves his bottle after one year. Once your baby is past that age, give him water to drink at night.
• Give your baby a healthy and balanced diet. Encourage your child to love salty foods such as vegetables and pasta and do not add sugar to your diet.
• If you use prepared foods for babies, make sure they are sugar free and they do not contain added sugars or sweeteners. Be aware that other sugars such as lactose, fructose and glucose are equally harmful for your baby's teeth than sucrose.
• Prefer sugar free medicines if your baby should take.

Baby sleep and breastfeeding

Feeding your baby to sleep, where is the problem?

You gave your baby a bath, you put him in pajamas and you have hummed a lullaby. You are now both sitting in a quiet room and quietly watching your baby suckle. It does not take long to fall asleep. You drop it gently in his bed, turned off the light and you leave the room. When he wakes up three hours later, you give it back to him the breast and falls asleep immediately.
This is the same ritual every night and this is the problem! Breastfeed your baby to sleep is certainly an enjoyable habit for both of you. But if your baby starts to suckle need to sleep, start small and big hassle ...
All babies seem waking up several times at night. Most go back to sleep without a problem. If you're used to breastfeed your baby to sleep, then collect it also to sleep in at night. It is easier to breastfeed your baby during the night if you are a follower of co-sleeping, Nocturnal awakenings may be more frequent for both.

Breastfeeding and sleep

The breastfed babies take longer to take sleep patterns than bottle-fed. The explanation is simple: breast milk is easier to digest than milk powder. Babies breastfed then hunger faster and wake up more often.

The baby feeds for both food and reassurance. It therefore combines fast feeding and sleep. So, if you establish a ritual of breastfeeding your baby sleepHe will not try to find another way to fall asleep.

Change your habits

Does this mean it that you should never feed your baby to sleep? Of course not. Breastfeed your baby to sleep is a wonderful experience. But it must be occasional and not repeat all night. Why not make a part of your nursing Bedtime ? In this case, breastfeeding your baby soon enough. In this way, it does not directly associate this part of the bedtime sleep.
After feeding your baby, read him a story, humming a song to him or change his diaper one last time. If you split breastfeeding and sleep, even for a few minutes, your baby will not feel the need to suck to sleep.

Help baby to sleep alone

If your baby is already associated with feeding and sleep, do not despair. It is never too late to start giving him sleep habits. Here are some tips to help your baby learn to fall asleep alone:
• Separate feeding of bedtime nourishing your baby earlier in the evening.
• Feed your baby early bedtime, or reduce the duration of the last feed at night.

Remember that these changes relate to bedtime. Once your baby starts s'endormir seul the evening, he was able also to calm down and go back to sleep without your help during the night.

Improve sleep nursing mothers

The ideal is that you can sleep suit your needs (not always easy, admittedly!). Ask your partner for help during nighttime feedings. It is not because you are breastfeeding you should be the one to get up at night!
Some alternatives:
• Your milk before you go to bed. And your partner can get up at night and give a bottle of breast milk to your baby.
• Pull your milk in another room as your baby's room. Back to bed while your partner will be responsible for feeding at night. Ten minutes may be enough to express your milk while feeding, changing and rocking your baby to sleep on can take a lot longer.

If breastfeeding your baby can be a wonderful experience, sleep disturbances are also a reality. You can absolutely breastfeed your baby at night both. By doing so, you will help your baby to take good sleep habits with his father and his mother as he held then for the rest of his life.

Why does my baby wakes up he middle of the night?

Sleep patterns of babies can be affected by many factors: illness, vacation or change their habits. Reasons related to development also explain why babies who were heavy sleepers suddenly begin waking up at night from the age of 6 and 10 months (Teeth that will soon leave for example).




If your baby begins to wake up at night, ask yourself a few questions:
1 - Try to determine the reason for the alarm: it is not to be found in his room? Is it, for example, colder at night? Your new neighbors they leave an outside light lit which interferes with your baby used to the dark to sleep?
Dress your baby warmer or equip the bedroom window of a blackout blind.

2 - Its awakenings are not they following an illness or a vacation? Perhaps they also coincide with a stage in its development? If your baby has acquired, for example, a new skill, such as walking on all fours : He might want to take advantage of every opportunity to exercise, even at night. Other babies are standing in their bed, but then are unable to extend themselves.

The golden rule to respond to these awakenings is to have a consistent approach. Do not change suddenly, for example, Bedtime or how you fall asleep your baby. Continue to act as you do for several weeks. This will help your baby making his nights againOnce this temporary problem solved. Rituals soothe babies, do not forget!
The problem persists? Read our article on the different approaches sleep disturbances .

Help your twins sleep together in their stall

It seems that twins multiplied by two concerns and good times. For bedtime, keep sleeping, it will certainly be much of a hassle, especially during their first few weeks at home. Here are some tips to help you:

Lay your two babies at the same time

It is always a good idea to sleep your two children at the same time to help them develop a healthy sleep pattern - and to let you relax a little! If your children do their naps or go to bed at different times, it is likely that the two, or both, wakes up to a point, thus preventing you from relaxing.

Set up a soothing bedtime ritual

From their 6 or 8 weeks, you can already create a bedtime ritual. A calm and soothing ritual such as a warm bath, a story, and a few minutes of hugs and quiet conversation will help your baby fall asleep. If you follow your ritual, your babies quickly learn to recognize the normal signal bedtime.

Try swaddling your baby

The centuries-old custom of swaddling, which is comfortably wrap each of your baby in a blanket or cotton lining their sleeping bag, can help them feel safe and ready for sleep. Some babies love it, others do not: try and see!

Lay your little love when they are drowsy but not fully asleep

Help them learn to fall asleep alone leaving them in their bed, sleepy, rather than waiting until they fall asleep before bedtime.

Lay your kids in the same bed

The twins were reassured when they touch, physical contact near the calm. It is then possible to extend small on the back, in the same direction, ensconced in their respective sleeping bag. From about 3 months, when they grow up, it may be easier to separate. Make sure they can still see each other when they are installed in each bed.

Take care of the baby calmer first

If one of your children cry a lot, and the other is rather quiet, you might want to take care of the screaming first. But before you focus on what little noisy, make sure the quietest is comfortable and properly installed. Most twins or triplets does not seem disturbed by the cries of their brothers or sisters, even if they sleep in the same bed.

Are you the idea that your twins or triplets will make their night when they are ready

The quality of sleep your child often depends on their weight, not their age. The twins make their night and at about the same age. Fraternal twins may have against by sleep rhythms independent, especially if they are of different size. To help you relax, you can try the following trick: when a baby wakes up to eat, also stimulate each other to feed them both at the same time. It is a bit tricky but it helps parents to stay calm!

How can I help my child to sleep alone?

You can help your child to fall asleep alone in creating an enabling environment so that sleep comes to him naturally. If you wait for the right time, usually between 3 and 6 months, and pay attention to the sleeping environment, must be able to fall asleep alone.

It's like learning to crawl. If you always take your child in your arms, it will never have the opportunity to discover how to move alone. To sleep, it's the same thing! If you fall asleep still giving him the breast or bottle or rocking, it will never get to sleep alone.



How to help fall asleep?

We must prepare the ground, setting up of two elements:

• Regular bedtime hours to start the internal clock of your baby. So naturally he will feel tired at regular times.
• A bedtime ritual for him to understand that it is time to sleep. This involves quiet activities as a bain hot, and, once he is in bed, a story, a song, a hug and a kiss.

When the ritual is complete, place your baby in bed drowsy but not yet asleep. Most babies will sleep without challenge. For others, it will take more time, especially for older children who have hitherto been accustomed to sleep with a feeding or arms.


If you wish, you can make a single stroke, leaving him with a "Good Night" and waiting behind the door, to watch from time to time.
Or you can go step by step: you sit next to his bed at the beginning and over the night, you leave a little (one night, you stay in the middle of the room, the next day you stay close to the door, etc.).

For more tips, read our article on sleep disturbances.

If your baby has a habit of falling asleep during breastfeeding or a bottle in your arms, you will have as you wake up gently before putting it in his bed. Or, if you see it begin to fall prey to sleep during feeding, shorten the meal and start the bedtime ritual before going to bed.

Some believe that we should not wake a sleeping baby, but keep back from it all. Wake your sleeping baby may seem like a complete idiot (especially if you fall asleep and also you still have a million things to do before you go to bed), but if you are considering something in the long term, it is worth sorry for your baby finally falls asleep alone.

What to do if your baby can not do?
Take a step back and try to understand why. It may be too young and has not the ability to soothe himself (as a child of three months spent hours lying on the living room floor and yet is not able to do four legs). In this case, wait a few days, weeks or even months before trying again.


Perhaps it is too tired, and too upset to manage sleep alone. Try to go to bed earlier. Finally, analyze the situation, you give him the opportunity to really fall asleep alone or ruez you to his room to comfort him at the slightest noise?

Keep your goal in mind
If all this sounds difficult, keep in mind the long-term benefit. If he manages to fall asleep on his own, he will be able to sit for longer periods of time and go back to sleep if he wakes at night. This will allow to have all the necessary rest to grow and flourish.

In addition, falling asleep alone is an essential skill that will not only benefit your child at bedtime. He will learn to calm down in other situations, when you are at work, for example, when you leave the room momentarily or when it is in a bad mood.

How many hours of sleep does my baby need?

Waking during the night is natural. It is our sleep cycle at all, including toddlers. The normal rhythm of sleep consists of cycles of levels of sleep: drowsiness, light sleep, to dream (REM sleep) and sleep. And vice versa dreams in light sleep to drowsiness and so on. Each cycle lasts about 1:30, and adults and children achieve an average of 5 cycles of sleep per night.


We do not remember waking up because no one wakes up halfway. After that, we turn, we hold on our pillow and falls asleep. If you shoot sleeping, you can see these moments of awakening at regular intervals during the night. It really wakes up completely if you realize that something is wrong, as the smell of smoke, your baby coughs or if your pillow is dropped.

The sleep pattern of newborn

Babies need more sleep than adults. On average, infants less than 3 months sleep twice as much as their parents, but half of their sleep will be during the day.

Very young babies do not sleep long hours at a time because they need to wake up to eat regularly. Up to 3 months, babies have sleep-wake cycles throughout the day and longest night. The duration of these cycles varies greatly between each child, but on average, your child will sleep two hours straight the day, and 4 to 6 hours on the night.

The rate of infant sleep more than 3 months

Between 3 months and 1 year, your baby will sleep gradually less during the day and night.
At 3 months he sleeps twice during the day and night. At 6 months, most children sleep 12 hours at night, interspersed with a few revivals possible, and make two long naps during the day.

To 12 months, many little ones are still sleeping 12-14 hours a day, including a nap during the day. During the second year, the nap will decrease gradually to stop its 3, 4 years.

Manage your baby naps.

Proper management of your child naps may be the key to his sleeping habits. If your toddler is his nap later in the day, he may sleep well at night. Let him make his major naps in the early morning and afternoon. When he is older, keep the nap in the early afternoon, just after lunch, so that the awakening of the nap is not too close to

Understanding your baby's sleep

Sleep stages

Babies go through many different stages during sleep, as well as adults. Drowsiness, light sleep, to dream and deep sleep. And vice versa dreams in light sleep to drowsiness, and so on. Phase of dreams is also called REM sleep. Adults and children achieve an average of 5 cycles of sleep per night.

REM sleep

These sleep stages are visible in the baby long before he comes into the world. Dreams appear during the sixth or seventh month of pregnancy.
You can easily distinguish a sleep filled with dreams of a quiet sleep, without dreams, in your infant. When he dreams, his eyes move in all directions under her eyelids and the rest of the body is motionless, except for a few occasional hiccups, and his breathing is irregular.

Newborns dream more than adults. The REM sleep represents 25% of adults. According to Dr. Richard Ferber, an American expert, fetuses spend 80% of their sleep time in REM, and once born, 50%. This rate drops to 33% at the age of 3 years and 25% between 10 and 14 years. And we think that REM sleep is an important integration experiences. It is therefore important for a growing baby and growing.

Quiet sleep

Phase of quiet sleep, without dreams, your baby is breathing deeply and regularly. It can even heave a sigh. It is almost immobile, and can sometimes make a sucking sound with his mouth or jump. These small sudden movements of the body are known as bursts of hypnagogic and are completely normal. They occur in older children and adults too, often just when we fall asleep. This phase appears quiet sleep fitfully in the newborn rather than regular phase as children or adults. During the first months of life, this phase will become more consistent and bursts disappear.

Why dream is so important

Your baby wakes up naturally between each sleep cycle, probably 5 times a night. It is rare that the change cycle and match your waking cycle change. Can be drawn from a deep sleep or dream. Such a revival is very unpleasant, unlike a soft and natural awakening between each cycle. It can leave us disoriented and "off base" for all the next day, especially when you've been awake dreaming.

How lack of sleep affects us?

Lack of sleep can make you confused, disoriented and irritable. The consequences are felt to work (if your maternity leave is over) but also at home. You may feel anger toward your toddler, making him responsible for your fatigue. The limits of your patience have been greatly exceeded, you get upset more easily. The atmosphere at home can become tense and painful.

Manage the lack of sleep

Studies have shown that if you are deprived of sleep, you will dream more sleep the first opportunity you find. Indeed, research has shown that in case of prolonged sleep deprivation, the subject eventually hallucinating, this is a desperate attempt to dream.

A good way to combat the lack of sleep is to seize every opportunity to catch his sleep (and dreams!) During the day. If possible, make several short naps every day. Brace yourself on the baby naps as soon as possible!

What to do when baby refuses to nap

The sleep rhythm of each child is unique. Some babies sleep more during the day, others at night. Almost all babies are napping. Most infants are 3 naps per day, some rather two longer naps. From 1 year, many toddlers do more than nap a day (usually in the afternoon).

Some tips for that baby gets enough sleep during the day.

• Establish a ritual. A ritual helps your child understand what will happen. It also allows you to know what time of day your child is usually tired, hungry, when he wants to play. You do not need to have strict rituals and watch the clock! Just make sure that certain things happen at about the same time each day. You will both rhythm.

• Let your child sleep in the same place.Ideally, it would need a nap where he sleeps at night, so that he can associate sleep with a particular place. It can, of course, sleep in the car while driving or in the stroller if you're not at home, but give him as much as possible, used to sleep in the same place. If your child goes to nursery, do always sleep in the same room when it is at home.

• Share a quiet moment with your child before his nap, as you do before bed at night. Pull the curtains, read a story or sing a little song to make him understand that it's nap time.

• Put your baby to bed as soon as he begins to tire. Parents often make the mistake of waiting too long before laying their child to nap. You must seize this moment of fatigue. Your little one will fall asleep quickly and easily. If you wait too long, it will be too upset, tired and have more trouble falling asleep. Learn to recognize the signs of fatigue, your little one. Some rub their eyes, others agitated, cranky or are looking into the void. As soon as your child understand that he is tired, lay it quickly.

• Try to teach your child to sleep alone. Around the age of 3 months, your baby should begin to learn how to fall asleep alone, either by sucking his thumb tightly in a blanket fort, a blanket, or simply indulging in sleep. Give him the opportunity to sleep alone instead of rocking or feeding it to sleep. From the moment your child learns to "spot" you will see that his naps last longer.

Helping your child develop good sleep habits requires patience. By establishing an early age will help your toddler sleep better in the months and years to come. 

How to develop good sleep habits in 0-3 monts baby?

What is it like to sleep your baby between 0 and 3 months?

Newborns, infants sleep a lot up to 17 or 18 hours a day the first week, and about 15 hours at the age of 3 months. However, they never sleep more than three or four hours straight, day and night . This means that you as sleep, you also rarely several hours away!

This step is essential for your baby but will not last long, even though it may seem like an eternity when your sleep is lacking. Sleep patterns of a baby are much shorter than those of an adult. The REM sleep is more important at this age, which is necessary given the incredible changes experienced by your baby's brain. Or REM sleep is lighter than the other phases of sleep and more easily broken.



Between six and eight weeks, most babies sleep a little less during the day and more at night even though they often wake up at that time to eat. The REM sleep decreases in favor of a deeper sleep.

Some babies are already sleeping through the night from the age of eight weeks, but it may be that your nights are interrupted at least during the first months after birth. In fact, many babies do not reach this stage before five to six months or more. If you want your baby to sleep through the night, help him by making him take good sleep habits now.

Many parents are worried about the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome during the first months of their baby's life. Discover how to create a safe when your baby sleeps and thus reduce the risk of accident.
Doubt on the crib? Discover different cots.

How to develop good sleep habits?

Your baby may develop sleep habits from the age of six weeks. Here are some tips to help you sleep better at this age:

Learn to recognize its signs of fatigue

During the first six to eight weeks of your baby's life, it will probably not stay awake much longer than two hours. If you wait too sleep for your child, it will be too tired and have trouble falling asleep.

Learn how to identify the signs of tiredness in your newborn: rubs he eyes? He pulls on his ears? Rings they begin to take shape before his eyes? Is he grumpy?
If you experience any of these or other signs of fatigue, try laying your baby in bed or in his basket. You will quickly develop a sixth sense regarding the pace of your child during the day and you will know instinctively when he needs a nap.

Teach your baby the difference between day and night

Some newborns are nocturnal birds (You may have already noticed during your pregnancy) and will be fully awake at bedtime. The first few days, you will not be able to do much, but after two weeks, you can begin to teach your baby the difference between day and night.

During the dayWhen your child is awake and in full form:

• Play with him as much as possible.
• Make the meal of the day alive. Talk to your baby, sing a song when you feed.
• Keep a maximum of light in the house and in your baby's room.
• Do not try to silence the newspaper such as radio or washing machine.
• If your baby falls asleep during his meal, wake up gently.

Night:

• Stay calm and silent when you feed your child.
• Dim the lights and do not talk too much.

Quickly your baby should understand that night is for sleeping!

Let your baby fall asleep alone

From six to eight weeks, you can begin to encourage your child to s'endormir seul. Lay it when it starts to get tired, but it is not yet fully asleep. You can stay with him a little but then you have to be present every time he wakes up at night.

The way you put your child is very important. If you rocking your baby every night during its first eight weeks of life, it will wait for you as you continue to do next. Conversely, if you let it go to sleep alone, he will get used too. It is for this reason that some experts advise to rock your baby or give the breast to sleep, Even at a very young age. However, for you to see what is the best method for you and your child.

If you want to set up sleep habits, you must respect all night.

Large and small hassle of sleep

Between zero and three months, you will probably accept some chopped nights. But during the first few weeks of your baby's life, being well swaddle your child will help him sleep.
Discover our article on trouble sleeping and find tips for the coming months.

Shopping for baby, choose only safety equipment

Accidents can happen, and often occur with babies or young children ... especially from the moment they start to move!
The best way to avoid this is to monitor your child at all times. Of course, this is impossible! Invest a few dollars and a little time in the secure home for baby is the ideal solution. A safety barrier upstairs and a "safety kit" is needed. You can also ask other moms their tips and tricks to help you secure the home.



Some examples of useful equipment

Safety in the home

Remember that babies over 8 months focus a lot on what adults do. They want to play and then manipulate the objects they see in your hands. Suddenly, paper, scissors, CD, mp3, cooking utensils and tools Dad become very interesting. To help your child learn without endangering, give secure versions of these objects of daily life: a fake phone, a CD player and child containers and plastic spoons. And most importantly, keep well out of reach versions "for large" kitchen utensils and sharp objects.

These few examples of safety equipment will also help you protect your child:

Smoke detectors : Inexpensive, readily available in supermarkets and DIY stores, especially essential in every home. Warning: It will be mandatory in all homes by 2015.

Guards angles : Designed to cover the corners of furniture and avoid large bumps on the head.

Dampers doors : To put on the edges of the door to prevent it from closing on little fingers baby.

Protective films for window : They can be stuck on large windows to prevent glass fragments fall down if the glass breaks and most importantly, they emphasize the presence of a small window for intrepid.

Of removable blocks windows : The small plastic parts are used to control the opening width of the window.

Tip: When babies start to move, they can injure themselves with pens, intoxication with tablets or injury with other potentially lethal objects they found in the purse of visitors. Always keep the affairs of your friends out of reach of baby.

In the kitchen

Between the hob and cupboards bursting with detergents of any kind, your
755> kitchen is really a risky place for your child.

The block-cupboards, oven, fridge and drawers : Install them on all openings when baby can have access to dangerous objects, such as knives, cleaning products or a hot oven.

A hob guard : It is a small sign that stands in front of the plates so that your child can not touch the hot plates or grab a pot or pan.

Cover-son : If son, cables or ropes hanging or lying places available in baby, you can buy equipment for the group and hide in the tubes. You can also wrap around themselves and shorten.

Tip: If you do not guard hob, remember to always turn the handles of pots and pans to the inside of the stove.

Learn more about securing the kitchen.

In the bathroom

Babies can drown in a few inches of water, and many domestic burns occur in the bathroom. This part can be a real danger to your toddler! And that's not counting the risk of slipping on the floor soaked ... Fortunately, some simple equipment and fast enough to ask to secure the bathroom for baby and for you.

The bath thermometer : These floating thermometers often change color to alert you if baby's bath water is the correct temperature or not. Some even look like small toys, like fish, so that baby can play with. Doubly useful!

Coverings valves : Little known but very useful, they swell or arise on the taps to avoid bumps and pushing small hands explorers who hang around the hot water tap.

Bath seats inclined (before 6 months) : These chairs allow your baby to lie and sustained head well out of the water, so you leave your hands free.

Bath rings (from 6 months) : These seats allow your toddler to sit comfortably and safely without the risk of slipping. But beware, a baby should never be left mostly unattended in the bath!

Bath mat anti-slip : To avoid slipping in the bath. Models prefer colored or padded.

Tip: Set your hot water thermostat lower to reduce the risk of burns if the baby touches the hot water tap.

Learn more about Securing the bathroom.

Electricity

In homes, electrical outlets are often battery at the right height to catch the eye of babies and toddlers curious.

Outlet covers : Choose outlet covers that completely cover the plug and install the before that baby starts to crawl or walk on all fours.

Cover-son : If you have a lot of electrical cables or son at home in the living room for example, you can buy special tubes to store and hide multiple cables so that baby is not curious.

Tip: Do not forget to protect both strips, and not just wall outlets!

Secure doors and openings

It is possible to raise a baby or toddler in a house without barriers. But these devices still make life much easier! Safety barriers can be installed up or down stairs, or in doorways. They define areas permitted or prohibited.

Make sure that you want to install barriers are as wide as the space you have, or if they are extensible. Some barriers are available with extensions to install if needed.

Permanent barriers : They are ideal for places and parts that must be monitored continuously, as the stairs. The frame is fixed between two walls, or in the doorway, a secure barrier is installed in the frame, with an opening on the side or the middle. They can be opened in either direction with one hand.

Barriers to mounting pressure : They are easily fixed by pressure support against the wall or door frame, and can be relocated easily.

Barriers thread : They work a bit like blinds. You install two permanent fasteners on each side of the opening (on the wall or door frame). Then you spread a net fabric or nylon when you need it. More discreet than other barriers, and often wider.

Expansion gates : Some can be extended to fit exactly into the space you have. Others may be supplemented by extensions to attach to the fence base.

Barriers kit : They are sold in several pieces that you can assemble according to your need. Useful if the space has a non-secure standard.

Travel barriers : There are four metal tubes that you assemble into a rectangle, and a net to shoot and fix the frame. The horizontal tubes are scalable to fit any opening.

Tip: Many accidents occur when adults try to pass over barriers closed. Avoid risk of falling barriers to choosing central opening for high traffic areas.

Secure your home and protect your child

Parents often wonder how to protect their children from abuse, violence or kidnapping. Many forget that the threats to the heaviest of our little darlings are under our roof!

A finding in France

In France, nearly 200 children under 4 years of age die every year in a domestic accident, nearly 4 per week!
Falls are responsible for most accidents of everyday life not death. For small less than 1 year parts most at risk are: bedroom, kitchen and bathroom. Between 1 and 4 years, most accidents occur in the kitchen and the living room.

Do not wait for an accident before thinking about safety in your home. With careful planning and very little equipment, you can prepare home to great explorations of your child.


There are more and more objects "child safety" in the trade. Above all, it is your monitoring tool will be the best security for your home. And even if your house is full of protective equipment, you should always remain alert to potential hazards.
If you are not sure you always take baby in your arms when you answer the phone or if someone rings the doorbell.

Make a point security

Some safety tips are valid for all parts of the house.

Here are some recommendations:

• Ask outlet covers on all unused electrical outlets. Allow multiple sockets to switch to "off".
• Ask protect corners and foam adhesive on the corners or edges protruding furniture, such as tables or desks.
• Keep in mind the potential danger of anything you can throw it in the trash. If you dispose of batteries, paper clips, plastic bags or other hazards, place the trash out of reach or in a closed cupboard that your child can not open.
• Keep pens, pencils, letter openers, staplers, paper clips and other sharp or pointed instrument in a locked drawer.
• Home fires are one of the most serious risks to children. Fires are often caused by children playing with matches or lighters. In France, a home fire breaks out every 2 minutes. 14% of fires are started by children. More information Fire Prevention

If you have a fireplace, keep a fire extinguisher nearby, and have it serviced regularly according to the manufacturer's instructions. Do not place on the mantelpiece objects that might attract your child, so it does not try to catch them. It is essential to have a firewall installed in front of the fireplace when children are in the house. Choose a very wide and can be wall mounted on both sides of the fireplace so that your child is protected from burns. It is mandatory to sweep the chimney insert or chimney 1-2 times per year to prevent soot ignite. Ragnez matches and lighters out of the sight and reach of children. Turn your cigarettes properly and discard butts (do not let them in the ashtray). Be careful to extinguish the candles or room inside and never leave a child alone in a room with a lit candle. Always plan an escape route in case of fire, and practice in "fire drills" with your family. Choose smoke detectors that meet the European standard EN 14604. Whether they are certified by the European Union, look for the letters "CE". This symbol can be completed by the initials "NC" means that the product has quality certification to additional mandatory minimum safety standards. Install smoke detectors in every room and next to the kitchen. Check them monthly to make sure they work well, and change the batteries once a year. The installation of a smoke detector reduces the risk of death by fire.

• Avoid curtains or blinds with curtain hanging, ropes or cords. Son these pendants can be due to strangulation. If you're already on the ropes wrap themselves and fix them up, out of reach of your child.
• Ask colored stickers on large glass surfaces, such as windows, to prevent them from being "invisible": a child may be hit very easily. Place blocks windows on the lower windows so that they can not open more than 10 cm. Do not place furniture or seats under the windows, so that your child is not tempted to climb over to get to the window.
• Place non-skid pads under the carpet does not already have anti-skid system.
• Use safety gates and locks doors. Installing a barrier upstairs, and another three-step lower. It will prevent your small to climb to the top to discover that it is actually stuck in the stairs. Remember that security must evolve along with your child: an impenetrable barrier for a small 1 year can become a structure to climb when he was 2 years old.
• Never let things drag on the stairs, they could make someone fall. The stairs must be carefully maintained: any damaged carpet or peeling should be reattached or removed. Make sure railings are strong enough and can not be used as steps for baby. Stairs should always be well lit.
• Each year, hundreds of children are treated in emergency departments for pediatric injuries caused by falls. When baby begins to crawl, Install safety barriers so that it can not go in rooms prohibited.
• Hide lamps and electrical cables and son behind heavy furniture or store them in special tubes designed for this purpose. High lights could be reversed if baby pulls on the wire, then shim them well behind furniture.
• Think of all those things that can get your fingers caught, as ironing boards, door hinges and folding chairs. You can buy blocks-openings.
• Keep first aid kit in a locked cabinet, out of reach of children. Make sure babysitters and other adults know where to find emergency. Make sure your home is presents no risk of intoxication or poisoning to protect your children from the risk of ingestion or exposure to toxic chemicals.
• Burns and scalds are more common in young children than in older children and adults. Most burns are caused by hot liquids that spill. Remember that hot drinks are enough "boiling" to burn a child 15 minutes after being served. Never give a hot drink to a woman in breastfeeding. Even a single drop of fuming liquid could burn the mother and baby.

For more information, see the following websites:

• Fire prevention, the Ministry of Ecology, Energy and Sustainable Development.
• Stop accidents everyday.
• Domestic accidents.

Checklist of indispensable objects to the edge of a swimming pool

Anticipation # 1: protect children from the sun

1 - sunscreen : Before 6 months, it is strongly recommended to put sunscreen on the skin of immature baby ... and then ban sunbathing! After 6 months, choose a cream fragrance free (to avoid allergies or irritations) "special baby" with a 40 indicate minimum. Do not hesitate to seek advice from a pharmacy or drugstore.
Please note that the cream is essential, but sun exposure should remain exceptional and short! Baby's skin is very fragile.
2 - A hat : To avoid sunstroke and sunburn, the hat is the perfect protection. Think practical rather than aesthetic: it is not necessary that the hat come with every movement of your child!
3 - sunglasses : They are essential to protect your child's eyes. Choose sunglasses with lenses UV filter and frame wrap and CE certified.

Anticipation # 2: the safe bathing

1 - The armbands : As long as your child can not swim alone, impose the wearing of armbands standards, ideally with non-return valves which prevent rapid deflation. Let him armbands even when playing around water. Find the standard "NF" on the packaging, and make sure they are properly inflated.
2 - buoys : For older children who resent armbands, buoys choose standard 'NF'. To be sure that your child uses his buoy well, do not hesitate to engage in the purchase, and let choose the pattern or the little hero will appear on the buoy.
3 - A swimsuit with integrated floats. Practice, the child can not remove this security.
3 - diapers Special swimming. We find in supermarkets, as they donned breeches and avoids contaminating the pool.

Anticipation # 3: small snacks

1-A picnic : Plan simple food to eat, and water to avoid dehydration. Attention, sugary drinks do not hydrate as well as water, and they are not recommended in toddlers. Allow salty and sweet to please everyone while respecting food hygiene
2 - cooler : Keep food in a cooler closed to maintain the cold chain and avoid the risk of food poisoning.
3 - cups and plastic utensils : To avoid the risk of breakage (and pieces of glass in and around the pool) and easy storage.
4 - plastic bags : To collect waste.

Anticipation No. 3: after swimming

1 - More towels it takes: Children bathe once, twice, three times ... and the towels do not always have time to dry! Allow more towels than children to avoid tears and whims.
2 - plastic sandals : After bathing, put on children to avoid the risk of injury to small feet. Plastic sandals are ideal for the little one can always go back into the water.
3 - Complete change of clothes at hand: panties, diapers, shorts sponge, t-shirt ... It's better to have too much to let a little unattended!
4 - The pool is equipped with a safety barrier? Do you have the key with you? Do not forget to lock the door when you leave.
5 - Remember to activate the safety device once the children are at home or in the garden.

Anticipation # 4: large and small sores

1 - A first aid kit : Always keep with you the essential for large and small sores. Discover the composition of first aid kit ideal. Beware of insects including wasps! Slide one Dart extractor in your emergency kit.
2 - Keep nearby: a pole, a buoy and a mobile phone for the emergency services as soon as possible.
If you have a fixed wireless phone, take it with you outside, you will not have to run inside each ring.
3 - Print a list of emergency numbers you will always have on hand.
4 - Beware plantations near the pool, print our list plants that can be dangerous and think about it before swimming.

Protection advice for your first summer with baby

Dress your baby with raw cotton

Dress a baby in cotton clothing is really ideal. We forget synthetic materials, they retain heat and are very comfortable for baby. If your baby is too hot, the contact of this material could sting, scrape. Choose lightweight fabrics and avoid the sun's rays are in direct contact with the delicate skin of your child. Choose a sunscreen with advice from your pharmacist. Choose a protection against strong UV to prevent sunburn. If you make him wear a hat, choose a large enough edge and size. Models with elastic straps should be avoided, they can compress the upper neck, chin baby.

Stay indoors during the hottest hours of the day (between 11 and 16 hours)

The best protection when it is extremely hot, is to stay inside the house. If you must leave, take all necessary precautions to protect your toddler. Prefer morning walks or late afternoon. Do not forget to remove the unnecessary padding stroller or pram, they retain heat and prevents air circulation.

It lightens everything, even down!

When possible, opt for a different layer, lighter. Sweating at the headband attachment can cause redness or rash around the waist. Select models rather special coatings for the beach or pool. Inserted as breeches are cooler and prevent the rash erythema or heat rash.

Make the drink more!

Give him more frequently drinks as feedings of water or fresh fruit juice.

If your baby has not yet six months, you feed exclusively breastfed, you do not need to give additional water. Studies in warm climates have shown that infants who had access to will in no déshydrataient ever. Breast milk contains mainly water during periods of heat babies tend to go more often and in less time. With this practice, they can make the most of colostrum breast milk. Let your child take as many feedings he wants, he will have enough water. The bottle-fed babies may, in turn, have a supply of extra water when it's hot.

Avoid, if possible, to buy ice creams and sorbets vendors

Avoid food that you do not know the source (especially hawkers on the beaches). Keep a small supply of water when you go out with your child. Invest in sealed plastic boxes for transporting food baby. Be ever vigilant in case of rupture of the cold chain or in case of doubt about the quality of a product. Do not taste baby!

Creams, oils specially designed for baby care

During the summer, opt for moisturizers or massage oils specially designed for baby's skin. Her skin is very fragile, take in the greatest of care. Consult your pharmacist or dermatologist, he will guide you to find the right product for your skin fragile.

Talc is not a barrier to heat and perspiration Baby

If you are a fan of talc, be sure to wipe the skin before each sprinkling. Too many people are convinced that after the bath, the powder has a cooling effect on the toddler. This is a misconception, talc, wet skin, can affect plaster and cause irritation. Limit its use on sensitive areas such as the area of ​​the layer. Do not put too much and do penetrate.

Solutions anti red buttocks

When baby has red buttocks, it is always handy to have on hand in his toilet kit a cream zinc oxide. Its action is fast and redness effectively relieves. These creams found in pharmacies, do not hesitate to ask your pharmacist for advice.

Let your baby "experiment" water games

Summer is the best time to let your baby play with water. You can put it in a small inflatable pool with a shallow water and his favorite toys. Let it splash the "patouille" they love it! It will delight sprinkling everything around it. Attention! Never leave your child alone unattended even a few seconds. In France, drowning is the leading cause of death by injury in children less than 5 years. Always stay with him!

Attention to the air just after bathing

After bathing baby, beware conditioned spaces. Turn the air once it is dressed, hair dried. If you stay with your child in an air conditioned room all day, it would be wise to dress in cotton clothing a little thicker. Newborns catch cold quickly when they are not sufficiently covered.

Do not let the blasts of cold air falling directly on your baby

We always appreciate the freshness brings the air in the house. He must be careful that the flow of cold air can not directly where baby sleeps or plays. Do not go to an air conditioned room to a room without turning off more temperate air conditioning in the first room before to let your baby get used to, gently, to temperature changes.

Avoid fancy sunglasses baby

It is always fun to wear glasses fancy small. Before buying a model, consult an ophthalmologist or optician. If you want to make him wear sunglasses, make sure they are European standards. Avoid plastic lenses especially those sold by street vendors or in toy stores. They do not provide protection against UV rays and can damage your child's eyes when high exposures.

Toxic chemicals in baby equipment

Potentially toxic substances in baby equipment? They are used to make baby bottles, baby toys and other baby equipment. This topic concerns in recent years.

But where do these stories, and they should really worry about? BabyCenter is the point.

Update on situation

For some time, conservationists are concerned about the presence of certain chemicals in our environment. These substances created by humans, can cause problems by their persistent nature: they accumulate in nature, in our bodies, never completely disappear. Nobody knows yet what really are the long term effects of these chemicals on humans. But some scientific evidence that they already are harmful to nature.

How is my baby and myself can we be affected?

Some of these substances are used in the manufacture of baby equipment such as plastic bottles (polycarbonate), mattresses and baby plastic toys. Some experts are concerned that these products can be ingested by children, and build up to dangerous levels in the body.

Of what chemicals is it exactly question?

There are 4 groups of chemicals used in the manufacture of consumer goods for the home and for which environmentalists are particularly concerned about:

• Phthalates or plasticizers.
They are often used to soften PVC plastic, and are commonly found in toys. Studies have shown that phthalates can build up in the body, and tests on animals have revealed that they can prevent the normal development of reproductive organs. Until recently, they were used in children's toys, pacifiers and teething rings, but the European Union has forbidden the use in products intended for children.

• Organotins. These chemicals are used to stabilize PVC. They are found in PVC flooring and PVC toys hard. Studies have shown that they cause hormonal changes in animals.

• Bisphenol A (BPA). This substance is used in the manufacture of bottles. Some studies have suggested that this product interfere with the hormonal system. It is also linked to chronic diseases such as cancer, heart disease and diabetes. However, these links have not been proven with certainty.

• Agents ignifuges bromés. These products are used to treat clothing, indoor furniture, strollers, prams and mattresses, including mattresses for babies to make them less flammable. Studies have shown that they can escape from the treated surface and be absorbed by the body. We thus found in the blood and breast milk. These substances may interfere with the hormonal system. Tests on animals have implicated in cases of abnormal development, cancer, miscarriage and modification of the immune system.

How do I know if the products I use for my baby contain hazardous or not?

When juvenile products do not contain these chemicals, it is most often indicated clearly on the packaging. But for now, manufacturers have no obligation to mention what products were used. Nevertheless, the European Union passed a new law, which came into force on 1 January 2007, and called Registration requirement, Evaluation and Authorization, Restriction of Chemicals (REACH). This new regulation ensures that a chemical is harmful to humans or the environment is not used or sold in the European Union. If a product is considered hazardous and does not meet the requirements of this regulation, you will not find in stores.

Should I be concerned about the presence of BPA in baby bottles for my baby?

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the French Agency for Food Safety (AFSSA) indicate that BPA is used in an amount in the bottles harmless children. Experts use a measure called "acceptable daily intake" (ADI) to understand how much product we can be exposed without risk. At 3 months, a bottle-fed baby should consume more than four times the usual number of bottles of milk a day to wait before the threshold of the ADI.

Yet, despite the lack of evidence on the dangers of BPA, its use was banned in Canada in 2008. (Learn more about this on the site BabyCenter Canada.)
The same year, closer to us, it is the city of Paris has decided to stop using baby bottles containing BPA in its collective custody facilities on behalf of the precautionary principle.
In 2009, many users and consumer associations interested in this subject. They put pressure on the authorities to that BPA is no longer used in the manufacture of bottles.
In a press release dated December 14, 2009, INRA (National Institute of Food Research) said they have evidence that BPA has adverse effects on the functioning of the intestine, even used the "ADI" well below those recommended.

BPA-free bottles in France
If you are worried, know that more and more manufacturers design a range of BPA free bottles to meet the parents. For example, these manufacturers offer BPA free bottles (non exhaustive list):

• Brushwood
• Dodie
• Natiloo
• Cloud
• Avent
• Aubert

What can I do to protect my child?

Unfortunately, if you want to be sure that there are no harmful chemicals in the products you buy, it is often up to you to lead your inquiry! Here are some tips if you want to avoid these chemicals:

• Avoid toys made of PVC. If you buy, check with the manufacturer (by calling customer service for example) if they contain phthalates or organotins.

• When you buy a mattress for crib, check with the manufacturer if the mattress has been treated with brominated flame retardant that meets the French and European standards.

• Do not reuse the mattress for more children - buy a new one for each baby.

• Write or call customer service to ask the manufacturers if their products contain one or more of the products mentioned in this article.

Diarrhea in baby

How do I know if my baby has diarrhea?

Many parents wonder if their infant diarrhea, stool newborn is usually very common. They differ as it is fed be or baby bottle. Breastfed babies have stools yellowish rather soft or liquid, granular, up to five times per day.



Sometimes a breastfed infant has a bowel movement during or immediately after each feeding. Milk stimulates the intestinal tract as the stomach fills, resulting in a saddle. After a month, most breastfed babies spend one or two bowel movements per day. The bottle-fed infants usually have a bowel movement per day, light brown and fairly firm.

Occasional soft stools are completely normal.
Symptoms of diarrhea are:

- Smelly stool, very liquid and mucus streaked
- Very frequent bowel movements (up saddle feeding after the first month)
- The fever
- Loss of weight.
Consult your doctor or pediatrician.

What are the causes?

The most common cause of diarrhea is a virus called rotavirus. Almost all children have the virus before the age of 5 years. Rotavirus causes gastroenteritis, an intestinal infection. The latter damaging the inner wall of the intestine.

The infant diarrhea can also be caused by poorly prepared bottles, the rhinitis, Antibiotics, food poisoning, allergies or other rarer diseases.

Can we prevent diarrhea?

Proper hygiene can help to reduce the risk of diarrhea, preventing contamination. If your child has diarrhea or if you are sick yourself, the only effective means to prevent contamination of the environment is to thoroughly wash your hands for at least 15 seconds with antibacterial soap.

How to treat?

Whatever the age of your child, if his stools are more frequent and if they become highly liquid, offer her a regular rehydration solution to prevent it from dehydration.

Small that toddlers and older children can swallow well diluted fruit juice (at least one volume of juice to 10 parts water). Ice water can be useful if your toddler is reluctant to drink. Avoid drinks with sugar, soft drinks and fruit juices undiluted (unabsorbed sugar draws water into the intestine and can promote diarrhea).

Do not give anti-diarrheal medication to a child younger than 12 years without medical advice. This could have serious side effects.

Breastfed babies are they less prone to diarrhea?

Yes. Breastfeeding appears to strengthen the defenses of the baby's body.

Should I stop giving him solid foods?

No. You can continue to give your baby food solid, Sauf s'il vomits frequently. If your child is older than six months, give him bananas, rice, mashed carrots, applesauce and toast. For older babies or children begin to walk, you can try small amounts of chicken and starchy, like mashed potatoes and pasta. It may be that he did not want to eat, do not force it. The important thing is to offer him water regularly to avoid dehydration.

When should I call the doctor?

Diarrhea can be alarming if it lasts several hours but usually alone. Gastroenteritis, however, can last a good week. If your baby has loose stools and liquid, or if the number of stools is much higher than normal for more than two or three days, call your doctor or pediatrician.

The greatest risk of diarrhea is dehydration. Do not wait to call your doctor if your child shows signs: dry lips or skin, apathy, crying without tears, depressed fontanelle, hands and feet discolored urine very yellow or fewer wet diapers.

Also consult with your doctor or pediatrician if your baby:

• refuses to drink or vomits everything he drinks
• has a fever for more than 24 hours
• has blood in stool
• has diarrhea with vomiting for more than 24 hours
• a swollen belly, hard and painful.

If your baby is irritable during an attack of diarrhea, try to cuddle and comfort him and keep dry. Change his diapers with care and tenderness, small buttocks of a toddler being easily irritated by the diarrhea. Apply a protective cream to prevent irritation if diarrhea lasts more than a day. Do not worry, your baby will recover quickly.
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Heat rash in babies

What is heat rash?

If your toddler has suddenly bright red buttons on the neck, under the arms or around the edges of his diaper or underwear, do not panic! It is without doubt that heat rash. Also known as miliary eruption sudamina, they take the form of pimples or red roses blades. They can occur when your baby is too hot if the temperature is high and damp air. The buttons are often in the folds of the skin and parts of the body where clothes rub, as the chest, stomach, neck, crotch and buttocks. If your child wears a hat, the buttons can even invade the scalp or forehead.

Heat rash are they serious?

No, but they indicate that your baby is too hot. Undress him and remember to moisturize regularly offering him water to drink.

What is the cause?

When the weather is hot and humid, your child sweats to dissipate heat. If the pores of the skin are clogged and sweat can not be removed, heat rash appear. (Young children are particularly susceptible to heat rash because their pores are smaller than adults). Thick or tight clothing can also retain sweat, promote irritation. A child may also develop heat rash when it has a high temperature that makes sweat a lot.

Heat rash are they painful for my toddler?

No, they are generally not painful, but they may itch and some buttons are touch sensitive.

How to treat heat rash?

Start with your child cool. Loosen or remove his clothes and put it in a ventilated room or a shady location. Cool then directly affected areas with a glove wet and cold. A warm bath can also be helpful. Let air dry the skin as much as possible, rather than using a towel. Stay a little while naked can help cure pimples. If your baby seems irritable and cries when you touch his skin, apply a soothing lotion to scale (ask your pharmacist). Avoid ointments and other lotions which may aggravate pimples retaining moisture in the skin. If it continues to warm at night, place a fan near your child's bed.

Seek advice from your doctor or pediatrician if your child has a elevated temperature.
Keep an eye on your child if the temperature drops, it may be cold and need to be reheated.

How to prevent heat rash?

In warm weather, dress your child in loose clothing and light so it feels good and does not sweat. Although there is no evidence that a certain type of fabric is better than another, dermatologists argue that natural fabrics such as cotton, allowing the skin to sweat more efficiently than, for example, synthetic fabrics. To check if your baby is too hot, then touch his skin. If it is hot and humid, it is too hot. When it is hot, keep your child indoors or looking for a cool, shady and well ventilated so it sits and plays out. Be sure to drink a lot so he does not dehydrate.

Should I take my child to the doctor or pediatrician for heat rash?

Consult your doctor or pediatrician if your child has a elevated temperature (38.5 ° C) and does not respond to medications or technical refresh, or if the buttons do not disappear after three or four days, or seem worse.

Cradle cap in babies (seborrheic dermatitis)

What are "cradle cap"?

Called seborrheic dermatitis by the medical, cradle cap slightly reminiscent dandruff hair. They are red patches on the scalp of the baby, covered dead skin flakes (dander), yellow and greasy. Over time, the scales become scaly and stand at rubbing, a bit like dandruff, but they sometimes include small tufts of hair. Cradle cap can completely cover the scalp of the child, or appear on the face, in the genital area, under the arms or nose; these forms are then often called "seborrheic dermatitis". Seborrheic dermatitis is very common in babies younger than eight months. It usually appears during the first three months and may persist for weeks or months. Older babies and young children can also be affected. Although the appearance of these plates is unsightly, they do not cause itching or discomfort for your baby. This dermatitis is not serious and there is no reason to worry.

What is the cause of cradle cap?

Cradle cap could be due to persistence of pregnancy hormones in the mother's body after baby birth. These hormones stimulate the sebaceous glands present in the skin and fat production would stick the dead skin cells in the scalp of the baby. These secretions diminish over the weeks and months after birth and cradle cap usually end disappear themselves. They are often associated with a family history of allergic diseases such as eczema , And other seborrheic dermatitis which appear later, as the capillary films, for example.

How long is seborrheic dermatitis?

Plates usually disappear on their own in the first months after birth, often before the child is two years. In some cases, they may persist or reappear for longer.

What to do to treat cradle cap?

There are several methods to try to gently remove scaly patches:
• Regularly wash your baby's hair with a shampoo for infants and gently loosen the scales with a soft brush.
• Dab your baby's scalp with almond oil or olive oil and let it sit (overnight if you wish). Then brush to remove dander and remove the remaining oil by washing the child's hair with a mild shampoo for babies.
In some cases, cradle cap can ignite and become infected. Your doctor will prescribe an antifungal cream then. It is very tempting to pull the cradle cap to remove the head of your baby, but it is better to abstain because it leaves bright plates may become infected. Cradle cap will disappear by themselves.
If they persist, worsen or spread on the face or the neck of the child, talk to your doctor.
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